| Cumulative subject index Volume 1 No 1 - Volume 24 No 4 |
The index below contains main entries for subjects covered in the above issues of British Wildlife magazine. Volume and page numbers are given. Note: Page numbers with the suffix (S) refer to pages in the Special Supplement on Re-wilding (June 2009). More detailed printed volume indexes are available for £2.50 each. Visit ‘Binders & Index’ to purchase these (please note that some of the earlier volumes are now sold out). |
| Abbotts Hall Farm, Essex, coastal realignment, 15:15-18 Aber Bogs, Dunbartonshire, 18:106-9 Access, and bird conservation, 19:1-9 Acid rain, 7:128-9, 20:70 Acidification, effects of, 5:174-6 Acidification, of streams, 5:380 Adder, 1:261-5, 4:30 Adder, habitat management and conservation, 8:287-95, 23:402-403 Adder, long-term study of, 15:323-4 Aerial surveys for waterbirds, and Harbour Porpoise records, 21:255-60 Agaric, Fly, 4:73-84 Agenda 2000 – CAP reform proposals, 9:129, 10:172-6 Agricultural management, and grasshoppers, 21:241 Agricultural reform, 12:369-70, 19:65 Agriculture, 11:224-5 Agriculture, and EIA, 13:219 Agriculture, broad-and-shallow scheme, 14:142 Agriculture, changes and biodiversity, 19:66-7 Agriculture, crisis, 11:69-70 Agriculture, effects on invertebrates and plants, 9:279-89 Agriculture, organic, 11:373 Agriculture, policy and nature conservation, 11:10-16, 13:16-20 Agriculture, Scotland, 22:218 Agri-environment schemes, 5:264, 5:332, 7:60, 7:265, 9:336, 12:67-8, 14:217, 16:142, 16:261-2, 16:293-4, 18:369, 21:217, 23:67 Agri-environment schemes, England, 15:69, 15:139-40 Agri-environment schemes, review of, 8:261-2, 13:143, 13:371 Agri-environment schemes, Scotland, 9:62-3, 15:69, 15:444 Agri-environment schemes, Wales, 10:135-6, 15:139, 15:444, 18:295 Agri-environment, MAFF research, 10:288 Agri-environment, reforms, 4:266-7, 5:61-2 Ainsdale NNR, and Natterjack Toad, 13:161-70 Airports, developments, 13:449, 14:221, 14:298, 14:376, 20:219, 23:217 Albatross, 9:104 Alder, disease of, 6:198, 9:196, 10:365 Algal bloom, 9:334, 11:70, 13:72, 14:371, 21:69-70 Alien plants, problems of, 14:413-22, 21:22-7), 21:151 Alien species, 10:212-13, 11:298, 11:369-70, 12:442-3, 14:308, 21:294 Alien species, in Scotland, 12:442-3 Alien species, Japanese Knotweed, 5:37, 7:175, 10:365, 12:199, 17:20 Alladale Estate, 19:68 Allerton Project, 10:261-7, 18:240-7 Allotments, gardens and biodiversity, 21:85-95 Amanita toadstools, 4:73-84 Amphibians, and insecticides, 20:67 Amphibians, decline, 11:372 Amphibians, in Epping Forest ponds, 20:171-176 Amphibians, reintroductions, 14:81 Amphibians, translocation of colonies, 5:181-2 Ancient trees, designation as SSSIs, 12:164-6 Ancient trees, management of, 16:250 Ancient trees, protection of, 15:374 Ancient woodland indicators, 2:90-102, 10:241-51, 11:153-8 Ancient Woodland Inventory, 23:90-96 Ancient Woodland Project, 11:371 Ancient woodland, 1:61-75, 14:220 Ancient woodland, and epiphytes, 5:83-93 Ancient woodland, effects of urbanisation on, 8:213-18 Ancient woodland, loss of, 3:384 Ancient woodland, on Forestry Commission Estate, 15:328 Ancient woodland, restoration, 14:16, 14:220, 15:68, 15:166-7, 16:445 Ancient woodland, under threat, 11:445 Ancient woodlands, and National Grid, 18:448 Ancient woodlands, South Gower, 17:267-268 Anemone, Wood, 2:98-9 Anglesey fens, 10:334-7 Angling, sea, impacts of, 20:340 Animal rights, effects of activists, 10:60 Anisus vorticulus, water snail, 10:412-418 Ant nests, 8:21-7 Ant, Wood, 10:1-8 Ant-hills, value in grasslands, 17:392-397 Antibiotics, polluting effects, 23:372 Ant-lion, in Suffolk, 10:303-9 AONBs, 14:449 Aphids, tree – natural history and conservation, 9:154-63 Aquaculture Strategy, Scotland, 14:297 Aquatic flora, changing, 10:18-28 Aquatic invertebrate habitat, 2:22-9 Arable biodiversity, 19:146 Arable farming, and nature conservation, 5:229-35 Arable farming, and wildlife – can they co-exist? 10:260-7 Arable plants, threatened, 13:42 Arable weed, assessment, 13:145 Arable weeds survey, 16:444 Arable wild plants, 18:450 ARKive, 12:273 Arran COAST Project, 14:371 Ash dieback, Chalara fraxinea, 24:69, 24:142-143, 24:215, 24:229-253 Ash, ecology, 24:235-242 Ash, importance for bryophytes, 24:247-250 Ash, importance for invertebrates, 24:251-253 Ash, importance for lichens, 24:243-246 Ash, social and cultural history, 24:230-234 Ashtead Common NNR, Surrey, 7:313-15 Askham Bog, North Yorkshire, Reserve Focus, 132:323-6 Asparagus, Wild, 21:305-11 Aspen, biodiversity of, 17:109-115 Aspen, link with boreal forest, 17:107-115 Assynt Estate, Sutherland, 16:66 Atlantic hazelwoods, 14:17-26 Atlas 2000, flowering plants & ferns, 7:305-8 Atlas of the British Flora, 14:31-7 Atlases, of plant and animals, history of, 24:98-100 Atrina fragilis, fan shell, 14:423-7 Aucheninnes Moss, Galloway, raised peat bog, 15:294 Autumn Lady's Tresses, conservation of, 5:313 Avian flu, 17:66, 17:141, 17:216, 17:374, 19:145-6, 24:144 Aviation policy, and emissions, 15:295 Avon River, Hampshire, winterbournes, 21:11-19 Aylesbury Vale, hedge-laying, 16:172-3 Badger cull, Welsh, 21:219, 21:448, 23:295-296 Badger, 2:171, 6:267, 11:221, 13:450 Badger, and archaeology, 18:147 Badger, and bovine TB, 9:197, 10:62, 10:368, 12:220, 15:370, 15:445-6, 16:68, 16:291, 16:444-5, 17:66, 18:296-7, 18:450, 19:141, 19:295, 19:372, 19:447, 20:371, 20:449 Badger, and the law, 3:193-9 Badger, cull, 15:141, 16:218, 17:215-216, 17:294, 21:371, 22:66, 22:447-8, 23:219, 23:451, 24:144 Badger, protection, 1:367 Badger, Scottish survey, 16:68 Badger-tunnels, effectiveness, 23:235 Badgeworth Reserve, Glos, 16:305-12 Ballast water, convention, 15:290 Bangor, Co Down, and Black Guillemots, 21:153-8 BAP Priority Habitats, and invertebrates, 14:167-8 BAP review, 5:198-9, 12:293, 12:373-4, 13:141, 17:70, 17:447-448, 20:300 BAP, revised UK list, 18:449 BAP, Scottish funding shortfall, 18:219 BAP, UK, 19:142 BAPs, in Scotland, 16:70 BAPs, Ireland, 15:144 Barbastelle, Bat, 12:327-34 Bardsey Island, Gwynedd, 3:146-8 Bare ground, and the conservation of invertebrates, 11:183-91 Barrage, Cardiff Bay, 1:310, 1:372, 1:179, 6:131-2, 7:404, 8:131, 11:221, 16:292 Barrage, review, 7:337 Barrage, Usk, 5:269, 5:335, 5:404 Barrages, 3:253-4, 4:131, 17:371-372, 20:296 Basalt outcrops, Scotland, lichens, bryophytes and vascular plants, 23:168-178 Basingstoke Canal, 2:13-21 Bass, ban on fishery, 15:444, 16:68 Bassenthwaite Lake NNR, 16:368 Bat colonies, effects of roof insulation, 22:67 Bat, artificial hibernaculum, 19:170-1 Bat, Barbastelle, 12:327-34 Bat, Daubenton's, 2:33-6 Bat, Greater Horseshoe, 1:14-19, 2:33-6, 6:69-77, 15:1-6 Bat, Leisler's, 2:33-6 Bat, Lesser Horseshoe, 2:33-6, 13:412-18 Bat, Natterer's, 2:19, 2:34-6 Bat, Noctule, 2:33-6 Bat, Pipistrelle, 2:34-6 Bat, Serotine, 2:34-6, 2:261-5 Bat, Whiskered, 2:34-6 Bates, Tony, Kingcombe Meadows, Dorset, 20:12-16 Bats, 6:267 Bats, and dung, 11:30 Bats, and mine sites, 16:178-9 Bats, and rabies, 16:444, 18:67 Bats, and windfarms, 17:339-345 Bats, boxes, colour preference, 16:105-6 Bats, conservation in British woodlands, 19:161-9 Bats, habitat fragmentation by roads, 16:104-5 Bats, habitat management for, 13:140, 15:238-9, 17:99 Bats, hibernating in Savernake Tunnel, 14:234-40 Bats, identification, 2:32-6 Bats, in churchyards, 4:234-5 Bats, in Greater London, 14:1-5 Bats, Lesser Horseshoe, in Wales, 13:412-18 Bats, licensing and mitigation, 23:141-142 Bats, managing river valleys for, 15:8 Bats, roosts, 10:115, 13:144 Bay of Biscay, whale watching, 9:291-7 Beach cleaning, 9:404-5 Beach-cleaning, effects on invertebrates, 7:147-55 Beachcombing, for the naturalist, 12:381-7 Beaver, European, reintroduction of, 7:219, 10:59, 10:214, 16:381-4, 19:68, 19:373, 19:381-91, 20:74-5 Beaver, fish & fishermen, 7:279-80 Beaver, in Scotland, 18:449 Beaver, in Scotland, history & case for its reintroduction, 7:156-61, 16:381-4, 17:65, 20:149-150, 20:226-227 Beaver, reintroduction in Scotland refused, 17:142, 23:219-220, 23:296 Bee, cuckoo-bees, 10:389 Bee, Leaf-cutter, identification, 10: 388-93 Bee, Violet Carpenter, 18:287-8 Beech, 10:443 Bee-fly, identification, 8:175-9 Bees, 20:371 Bees, and pesticides, 23:293, 24:146, 24:216 Bees, diversity in decline, 17:449 Bees, leaf-cutter, in gardens, 21:398-9 Bees, mining, 14:242 Bees, planting for, 21:219 Bees, social, 8:313-14 Bees, solitary, and wasps, habitat for, 16:408 Beetle assemblages, and field margins, 20:98 Beetle, Ash Longhorn, 19:42 Beetle, Autumnal Oil, 14:28-9 Beetle, Basket Longhorn, 19:35 Beetle, Black Grammoptera, 18:408 Beetle, Black Oil, 14:29 Beetle, Black Spruce Longhorn, 18:414 Beetle, Black-and-red Longhorn, 18:410 Beetle, Black-and-yellow Longhorn, 18:412 Beetle, Black-clouded Longhorn, 19:40-1 Beetle, Black-spotted Longhorn, 18:408 Beetle, Black-striped Longhorn, 18:412 Beetle, Blood-red Longhorn, 18:410 Beetle, Blue Ground, in SW England, 13:101-8 Beetle, British oil, identification, 14:27-30 Beetle, Brown Longhorn, 19:35 Beetle, Burnt-pine Longhorn, 18:414 Beetle, Burnt-tip Grammoptera, 18:409 Beetle, collecting, and Darwin, 19:153-9, 19:301 Beetle, Common Grammoptera, 18:408 Beetle, Dusky Longhorn, 18:414 Beetle, Fairy-ring Longhorn, 18:412 Beetle, Four-banded Longhorn, 18:410 Beetle, Golden-bloomed Grey Longhorn, 19:39 Beetle, Golden-haired Longhorn, 18:410 Beetle, Great Capricorn, 19:35 Beetle, Great Diving, 2:295-300 Beetle, Great Silver Water, 16:265-9 Beetle, Great Silver, 2:295-300 Beetle, Greater Thorn-tipped Longhorn, 19:40 Beetle, Hairy Click, 21:330 Beetle, Indian Longhorn, 19:35 Beetle, Ladder-marked Longhorn, 19:41 Beetle, Larch Longhorn, 18:414 Beetle, Large Black Longhorn, 18:411 Beetle, Large Poplar Borer, 19:41 Beetle, Lesser Thorn-tipped Longhorn, 19:40 Beetle, Lime Longhorn, 19:42 Beetle, Longhorn, Asian, 23:370 Beetle, Mint, 14:333 Beetle, Musk, 19:36 Beetle, Old House Borer, 19:36 Beetle, Pear Shortwing, 19:36 Beetle, Pine Longhorn, 19:40 Beetle, Pine-stump Borer, 18:412-13 Beetle, Plain Shortwing, 19:36 Beetle, Plum Longhorn, 19:42 Beetle, Red Longhorn, 18:411 Beetle, Red-collared Longhorn, 18:408 Beetle, Ribbed Pine Borer, 18:408 Beetle, Rufous-shouldered Longhorn, 19:38-9 Beetle, Rugged Oil, 14:29 Beetle, Short-horned Oil, 14:29 Beetle, Six-spotted Longhorn, 18:412 Beetle, Small Black Longhorn, 18:412 Beetle, Small Poplar Borer, 19:41 Beetle, Speckled Longhorn, 18:412 Beetle, Spruce Shortwing, 19:36 Beetle, Stag, and decaying wood, 16:249-50 Beetle, Stag, monitoring, 21:318 Beetle, Tanbark Borer, 19:38 Beetle, Tanner, 18:408 Beetle, Tansy, 14:332-7 Beetle, Tawny Longhorn, 18:411 Beetle, Three-banded Longhorn, 18:412 Beetle, Timberman, 19:40 Beetle, Tobacco-coloured Longhorn, 18:412 Beetle, Twin-spotted Longhorn, 19:42 Beetle, Two-banded Longhorn, 18:408 Beetle, Umbellifer Longhorn, 19:42 Beetle, Variable Longhorn, 18:408 Beetle, Violet Longhorn, 19:36 Beetle, Violet Oil, 14:29-30 Beetle, Wasp, 19:38 Beetle, Wasp, 21:240 Beetle, Weaver, 19:40 Beetle, Welsh Oak Longhorn, 19:36 Beetle, White-banded Longhorn, 19:38 Beetle, White-clouded Longhorn, 19:39 Beetles, and fleshy fruits, 16:101 Beetles, and restoration of grasslands, 20:177-178 Beetles, diving, 15:416-20 Beetles, diving, identification, 2:295-300 Beetles, extinct species in Britain, 14:30 Beetles, ground, and wildlife corridors, 9:244 Beetles, jewel, and deadwood, 21:240 Beetles, longhorn, and deadwood, 21:240 Beetles, Longhorn, Identification, Part 1, 18:406-14 Beetles, Longhorn, Identification, Part 2, 19:35-43 Beetles, managing chalk grasslands for, 17:399 Beetles, oil, management guidance, 24:15 Beetles, on Lundy Cabbage, Lundy, 13:184-90 Beetles, water, 21:330 Beetles, whirligig, 20:28-35 Beinn Eighe, Wester Ross, Highlands, 1:162-4 Ben Lawers, 16:320 Benacre to Easton Bavents NNR, Suffolk, 9:40-3 Berries, and birds, 16:326 Berry Head, and Torbay limestones, flora, 18:186-90 Bindweed, Field, 9:360-1 Bindweed, Hairy, 9:360-1 Bindweed, Hedge, 9:360-1 Bindweed, Large, 9:360-1 Bindweed, Sea, 9:360-1 Bindweeds, identification, 9:359-61 Binswood Common, 6:84 Biocontrol, 11:225 BIODEPTH project, 17:373-374 Biodiversity 2020, 23:65 Biodiversity Action Plan, 10:59-60, 10:214 Biodiversity Action Plan, 10-year results, 17:447-448 Biodiversity Action Plan, EC, 12:374 Biodiversity Action Plan, Ireland, 12:293-4 Biodiversity Action Plan, UK, 5:198-9, 12:293, 12:373-4, 13:141, 17:70 Biodiversity Challenge '97, 8:399 Biodiversity conservation, in Europe, 18:68 Biodiversity Convention, 6:99-105 Biodiversity overseas – saving the irreplaceable, 9:100-8 Biodiversity Strategy 2011, 23:5 Biodiversity value of arable drainage ditches, 14:90 Biodiversity, 7:334, 7:402, 9:399, 11:369 Biodiversity, and alien plants, 14:415-8 Biodiversity, and Aspen woodland management, 13:321 Biodiversity, and business, 14:144 Biodiversity, and climate change, 11:147, 18:446 Biodiversity, and conservation, 6:137-47 Biodiversity, and EU, 17:214 Biodiversity, and food production, 16:143 Biodiversity, and geological conservation, 17:372 Biodiversity, and GM crops, 14:294 Biodiversity, and grazing, 16:219 Biodiversity, and indicators, 11:297, 15:211-2, 20:141 Biodiversity, and intensive cropping, 16:145 Biodiversity, and land development, 16:447 Biodiversity, and landscape, 11:68-9 Biodiversity, and Living Landscapes initiative, 13:370-1 Biodiversity, and local authorities, 14:452, 15:373 Biodiversity, and planning, 13:141, 14:144 Biodiversity, and population growth, 20:70 Biodiversity, and roads, 13:374 Biodiversity, and shooting, 14:294 Biodiversity, and sustainability, 10:443 Biodiversity, and the construction industry, 16:291 Biodiversity, country plans, 14:143-4 Biodiversity, DEFRA's National Statistics Quality Review, 15:222 Biodiversity, England, progress report, 18:221, 20:141 Biodiversity, European, 9:333 Biodiversity, farmland, 15:140 Biodiversity, grassland, BIODEPTH project, 17:373-374 Biodiversity, impacts of air pollution on, 15:448 Biodiversity, in British woodlands, 7:26-37 Biodiversity, International Year of, 21:142, 21:367 Biodiversity, management for, 7:84-93 Biodiversity, marine, decline, 16:295 Biodiversity, National Network, 11:221 Biodiversity, offsetting, 24:66 Biodiversity, on British Dependent Territories, 9:100-8 Biodiversity, recording on NBN Gateway, 17:1-5 Biodiversity, research, 15:291 Biodiversity, Scotland, 14:376, 16:146 Biodiversity, UK decline, 20:144, 20:368 Biodiversity, UK, 9:333, 12:63 Biodiversity, urban, 17:446 Biodiversity, Wales, 14:67 Biofuels and biodiversity (letter), 21:152 Biofuels, 16:143-4, 17:215, 18:70, 19:143, 19:223, 19:292, 20:141, 21:70, 22:143, 22:372, 24:146, 24:292-293 Biofuels, and invasive crops, 20:221 Biofuels, food and fauna, 19:102-8 Biofuels, review, 19:448 Biological recording, history of, 24:97-106 Biological recording, problems of, 24:107-110, 24:224 Biological Records Centres, 1:197-201, 18:299 Biological Survey Team, National Trust, 19:415-23 Biological translocation, 13:73 Biomass Action Plan, 17:375 Biomass crops, for biofuel, 17:215, 20:369 Biomass, wood fuels, 22:143 Birch, uses in coppice Hazel woods, 12:47 Bird Atlas 2007-11, BTO, 18:389-94 Bird communities on Salisbury Plain Training Area, 13:344-50 Bird conservation and crofting on Coll and Tiree, 3:340-9 Bird populations and habitat change, 1:324-35 Bird Registration Scheme (BRS), 14:144 Bird surveys, BTO, 19:323-9 Bird, conservation and access problems, 19:1-9 Bird, decline of meadow species, 15:69 Bird, migration, 14:313-19 Birdcrime Report 2003, RSPB, 16:141 Birdfeeders, and disease, 21:370 Bird-ringing, 14:313-19 Birds, and climate change, 14:68, 20:250-256 Birds, and farmland, database, 17:77-81 Birds, and fodder crops, 19:249 Birds, and gardens, 19:77-83 Birds, and organic farms, 21:67 Birds, and set-aside, 6:214-23 Birds, and Special Protection Areas, 14:7-14 Birds, and water levels on marshes, 13:244 Birds, and wind turbines, 12:8-15 Birds, bathing, 23:239 Birds, BTO Nest Record Scheme, 18:229-34 Birds, crime against, 14:451, 16:218 Birds, culling of fish-eating birds, 17:67 Birds, deaths on roads, 8:229-32 Birds, declines, 20:368-9, 23:219, 23:450-451, 24:144 Birds, estuary, 7:226-35, 20:250-256 Birds, farmland, decline, 20:141 Birds, impact of severe winter of 2010/2011, 22:425 Birds, in churchyards, 4:235-8 Birds, migratory, links with West Africa, 15:258-64 Birds, mimickry, 18:235 Birds, on Pembrokeshire Islands, 5:97-100 Birds, poisoning, 23:66 Birds, population trends, 19:372, 23:67 Birds, protection of, 5:349-54 Birds, rare, of reedbeds, 3:81-91 Birds, trends of breeding, 2010, 22:141 Birds, upland and predation control, 13:375 Birds, upland, 17:66 Birds, upland, conservation of, 2:1-12 Birds, woodland, declining, 20:399 Birkdale Green Beach, Merseyside, 19:11-16 Bittern, 20:305-15 Bittern, and wetland creation, 22:381-90 Bittern, breeding on RSPB Minsmere Reserve, 12:8-15 Bittern, breeding, 6:263 Bittern, ditch management for, 13:396 Bittern, populations, 15:446 Black Grouse, conservation and access, 19:6 Blackdown Hills, Somerset, road scheme, 15:373-4 Blackthorn, 7:218 Bladder-fern Cystopteris, Identification, 15:93-6 Bladder-fern, Alpine, 15:95 Bladder-fern, Brittle, 15:94 Bladder-fern, Diaphanous, 15:94-5 Bladder-fern, Dickie's, 15:96 Bladder-fern, Mountain, 15:96 Bladderworts, 13:328, 13:331 Blandford Fly, control, 19:447 Blanket bog, burning on, 23:293 Blanket bogs, 19:375 Blean Woods NNR, Rhododendron eradication, 15:9 Bluebell, 6:336, 14:295, 14:451 Bluebell, and the law, 19:372-3 Bluetongue disease, 19:449 Bluetongue disease, and Btb, 20:67 Boar, Wild, 9:63, 10:214, 12:296, 13:221, 17:65 Boar, Wild, effects of rooting activity, 23:66 Boar, Wild, in southern Britain, 13:38-41 Boar, Wild, status and impacts of, 15:218 Bog Hoverfly, 17:102-106 Bog moss in Britain, 7:9-17 Bog, conservation of, 13:143-4 Bog, regeneration, 5:38 Bogs, Ireland's raised, 11:100-107 Boletes, British, 3:270-81 Bombylius canescens, 8:177 Bombylius discolor, 8:178 Bombylius major, 8:177 Bombylius minor, 8:178 Border Mires, peatland restoration, 24:153-160 Boreal forests, and Aspen, 17:107-115 Boscregan – last refuge of the Purple Viper's-bugloss? 10:166-71 Bosherston Lakes, Pembrokeshire, 6:231-4 Bottlenose Dolphin, solitary-sociable, 19:96-101 Bovine TB, 14:295-6, 14:375, 15:141, 15:218, 15:291-2, 20:140-141 Bovine TB, and Badger culling trials, 16:218 Bovine TB, and Badgers, 9:197, 10:62, 10:368, 12:220, 15:370, 15:445-6, 16:68, 16:291, 16:444-5, 17:66, 17:451, 18:296-7, 18:450, 19:141, 19:295, 19:372, 19:447, 20:371, 20:449 BovineTB, and Bluetongue disease, 20:67 Bracken, and butterflies, 11:331-2 Bracken, control on lowland heathland, 17:99 Bracken, control, 1:341-4, 4:195, 4:312, 24:68 Bracken, management for fritillaries, 24:3-4 Bracken, management with Asulox, 17:171 Bracken-composting, on Mendip Hills AONB, 15:409-10 Bradfield Woods, Suffolk, 2:292-4 Braemore Marsh, and Brown Galingale, 20:400-4 Bramshill SSSI, 14:65 Braunton Burrows National Nature Reserve, Devon, 2:42-4, 8:59 Breckland farmland SSSI, 15:371 Breckland, and forestry, 20:267-268 Breckland, importance for biodiversity, 22:229-239, 22:453-4 Brecklands, 2:380, 4:125-6 Brecks SSSI, 14:65 Brecon Beacons National Park, 13:109-17 Bridges, Dormouse, 23:155-156 Bridges, for small mammals, 23:153-157 Bristle-mosses (Orthotrichum), Identification, 20:187-194 British Waterways, replacement of, 23:294, 23:314-323 British Waterways, review of, 15:374 Broads, 9:36 Broomrape, Amethyst, 19:270 Broomrape, Barberry, 19:270 Broomrape, Bean, 19:270 Broomrape, Bedstraw, 19:266 Broomrape, Carrot, 19:269 Broomrape, Common, 19:268-9 Broomrape, Greater, 19:267 Broomrape, Hemp, 19:270 Broomrape, Ivy, 19:268 Broomrape, Knapweed, 19:268 Broomrape, Oxtongue, 19:269 Broomrape, Thistle, 19:267 Broomrape, Thyme, 19:268 Broomrape, Yarrow, 19:266 Broomrapes, Identification, 19:264-70 Brown Galingale, at Braemore Marsh, 20:400-4 Brown Hare, call for close season, 18:296 Brown-beak sedge, conservation of, 6:310 Brownfield land, 17:69 Brownsea Island, Poole Harbour, 7:381-3 Bryophytes, Atlantic, 4:283-6 Bryophytes, of Ash, 24:247-250 Bryophytes, of Scotland's basalt outcrops, 23:168-178 Bryophytes, on mine sites, 16:180 Bryophytes, snow, in Cairngorms, 20:392-3 BSBI Local Change, 17:381-390 BSBI Monitoring Scheme, 8:7-11 BSE, 7:401, 9:261, 10:136, 12:146, 13:18-19 BTO Bird Atlas 2007-11, 18:389-94 BTO, archives, 19:323-9 BTO, Nest Record Scheme, 18:229-34 Buckler-fern, Broad, 1:351 Buckler-fern, Hay-scented, 1:351 Buckler-fern, Narrow, 1:351 Buddleia, and invertebrates (letter), 21:301, 21:377 Buffer zones, 24:68 BUGs project, gardens and wildlife, 16:1-9 Bullfrog, British, 11:327-30 Bullfrog, North American, 11:327-30 Bullhead, biology and conservation, 18:77-86 Bumblebee Conservation Trust, 18:67 Bumblebee, 22:391 Bumblebee, decline, 23:296 Bumblebee, imports of, 21:218-19 Bumblebee, National Nest Survey, 15:370, 19:68-9 Bumblebee, Short-haired, decline and recovery, 21:116-18 Bumblebees, and BAPs, 15:306 Bumblebees, and grassland, 13:217 Bumblebees, current status of, 15:305-12 Bunting, Cirl, 4:3, 11:17-21, 22:263-271 Bunting, Corn, in north-west Europe, 4:1-3 Burning, effects on wildlife of uplands, 15:251-7 Burren, 2:381, 3:57-8, 3:252, 4:96-107, 4:130, 5:63, 6:333, 11:299 Burren, farming on the, 21:1-9 Bush-cricket, Bog, 2:234 Bush-cricket, Dark, 2:236 Bush-cricket, Great Green, 2:236 Bush-cricket, Grey, 2:236 Bush-cricket, Large Cone-head, in Isles of Scilly, 15:45-6 Bush-cricket, Long-winged Cone-head, 2:234 Bush-cricket, Oak, 2:236 Bush-cricket, Roesel's, 2:234 Bush-cricket, Short-winged Cone-head, 2:234 Bush-cricket, songs, 1:319-23 Bush-cricket, Speckled, 2:236 Bush-cricket, Wartbiter, 2:237 Bush-cricket, Wartbiter, conservation of, 5:26-31 Bush-crickets, 2:233-7 Bustard, Great, on Salisbury Plain, 16:146, 17:374 Buttercup, Badgeworth, 16:305-12 Butterflies, a survey for the new millennium, 9:176-9 Butterflies, and bracken, 11:331-2 Butterflies, and coppiced woodlands, 13:21-8 Butterflies, and farmland, 14:15 Butterflies, and fleshy fruits, 16:99 Butterflies, and pathogens, 22:97-98 Butterflies, declines, 15:370, 23:220 Butterflies, demise in the New Forest, 7:205-16 Butterflies, English names of, 15:401-8 Butterflies, European, conservation, 1:185-96 Butterflies, importance of brownfield sites, 18:296 Butterflies, in churchyards, 4: 238-9 Butterflies, management for in fragmented landscapes, 13:398-403 Butterflies, monitoring in UK, 17:162-170 Butterflies, moths and climate change, Isle of Man, 19:241-7 Butterflies, of stinging nettle, 2:325-34 Butterflies, phenological responses to climate change, 13:305-11 Butterflies, Skipper, identification, 7:243-7 Butterflies, state of the UK's, 23:229-238 Butterflies, status and decline, 11:243-9 Butterfly aberrations, 9:371-7 Butterfly collecting, IRP Heslop, 16:164-71 Butterfly Conservation, Scotland, 16:174 Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, 17:162-170 Butterfly, Adonis Blue, grazing management for, 15:329 Butterfly, Brown Argus, 8:174, 23:220 Butterfly, Chalkhill Blue, on Therfield Heath, Herts, 14:180-5 Butterfly, Chequered Skipper, 6:401, 7:245 Butterfly, Chequered Skipper, in Scotland, 22:248-253 Butterfly, Dark Green Fritillary, 9:221-5 Butterfly, Dingy Skipper, 7:246 Butterfly, Duke of Burgundy, 11:250-7, 23:232 Butterfly, Essex, 7:245 Butterfly, fritillaries, 3:282-96, 9:221-6, 15:229-36 Butterfly, Fritillary, on limestone grassland, 9:39 Butterfly, Glanville Fritillary, 9:221-5 Butterfly, Grizzled Skipper, 7:246 Butterfly, Heath Fritillary, 9:221-5, 17:399-400 Butterfly, High Brown Fritillary, 1:366, 5:242, 9:221-6 Butterfly, Holly Blue, the rise and fall, 5:236-9, 17:419-424 Butterfly, Large Blue, 1:2-13, 11:22-7 Butterfly, Large Blue, 18:147 Butterfly, Large Copper, 9:29-37 Butterfly, Large Copper, reintroduction of, 5:125 Butterfly, Large Skipper, 7:246 Butterfly, Long-willied (Réal's) Wood White, 13:240-3 Butterfly, Lulworth Skipper, 7:246 Butterfly, Marsh Fritillary, 6:40, 9:221-5, 11:411, 13:221, 13:338 Butterfly, Marsh Fritillary, conserving in Britain, 13:404-11 Butterfly, Northern Brown Argus, 9:22-7 Butterfly, Pearl-bordered Fritillary, 9:221-5, 24:1-8 Butterfly, Pearl-bordered Fritillary, ecology of, 15:229-36 Butterfly, Purple Emperor, and Master Tree, 19:330-7 Butterfly, Purple Emperor, conservation of, 5:288-95 Butterfly, Purple Emperor, larval stage, 23:335-342 Butterfly, Purple Hairstreak, 20:317-20 Butterfly, Scotch Argus, in Britain, 23:179-185 Butterfly, Silver-spotted Skipper, 7:246 Butterfly, Silver-studded Blue, 18:169-170 Butterfly, Silver-studded Blue, in Snowdonia, 11:93-9 Butterfly, Silver-washed Fritillary, 9:221-6 Butterfly, Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary, 9:221-5 Butterfly, Small Skipper, 7:245 Butterfly, Wall, 23:233 Butterfly-collecting, a short history, 9:362-70 Butterworts, 13:329 Buxton Climate Change Laboratory, 18:331-2 Buzzard, 23:371 By-the-wind Sailor, 18:211-12 Cabin Hill NNR, Merseyside, Reserve Focus, 23:343-347 Caenlochan NNR, Angus, 11:427-9 Cairn Gorm, funicular railway, 8:401-2, 9:264, 10:135, 10:444, 19:67 Cairngorms National Park, 14:293 Cairngorms, 4:60, 4:336, 4:403-4, 6:195, 9:332, 14:67 Cairngorms, and climate change, 20:389-97 Cairngorms, and tourism, 7:331, 7:400 Cairngorms, land, wildlife and conservation, 2:152-61 Cairngorms, Mar Lodge Estate, 16:86-94 Cairngorms, ski-lift, 8:196 Calcareous spring, artificial, 9:357-8 Canal, Montgomery, 17:401-410 Canals, and Canal & River Trust (CRT), 23:314-323 Canals, and planning threats, 15:294 Canals, and biodiversity, 13:448, 23:315-318 Canals, effects of boat movements, 2:20 Canals, management, 23:318-320 Canals, wildlife value and restoration, 7:365-77, 13:296, 23:321-322 Canford Heath, 1:370, 2:187 CAP reform, 7:60, 9:335-6, 10:172-6, 10:212, 10:288, 11:70, 12:145-6, 13:445-6, 14:217, 14:447, 15:294, 15:369, 16:65, 19:144, 20:218, 21:216-17, 22:448, 23:142-143, 23:221, 24:218, 24:293 CAP, 5:264, 7:401, 8:198, 10:438-9, 13:16-20, 16:143, 22:144, 24:145 CAP, and HNV land, 22:144-145 Capercaillie, and deer fencing, 9:38 Carbon footprint, of cows, 20:217 Carbon offsetting, 18:222 Carbon offsetting, benefits to peatlands, 18:298 Carbon, and blanket peat, 19:28-33 Carbon, and forests, 24:70 Carbon, storage and capture, 23:448 Carboniferous plants, 13:327-34 Cardiff Bay barrage, 1:179, 1:310, 1:372, 6:131-2, 7:404, 8:131, 11:221 16:292, 18:367 Cardigan Bay, cetaceans of, 13:246-54 Carex flava, 12:346 Carex viridula, 2:346-9 Carex x alsatica, 12:346 Carex x fulva, 12:349 Carmel NNR, Carmarthenshire, Reserve Focus, 22:258-262 Carmel Woods, 2:62, 6:59 Catchment Sensitive Farming (CSF), 17:68 Caterpillar, Purple Emperor, 23:335-342 Cattle, Highland, 12:316 Cattle, OTM rule, 16:143 CCW, 2:127, 6:398, 7:128, 8:84, 12:327, 15:291, 16:368, 18:143 CCW, and environment, 15:291, 16:368 CCW, and waste, 16:293 CCW, and Welsh Assembly, 10:285-6 CCW, formation of, 2:321, 3:214-21 CCW, future of, 10:213-14 CEH, closure, 17:213, 17:296 Centipedes, 17:305-311 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), closure, 17:213 Cetacean bycatch, 12:371-2, 13:294 Cetacean, strandings, 16:445, 17:449 Cetaceans and fish, and climate change, 16:369 Cetaceans, and sonar noise, 13:222, 15:143 Cetaceans, and windfarms, 16:295 Cetaceans, EU law protecting, 15:369 Cetaceans, in Bay of Biscay, 9:291-7 Cetaceans, in British waters, 3:224-9 Cetaceans, in Cardigan Bay, 13:246-54 Cévennes, France, 10:252-9 Chalara fraxinea, Ash dieback, 24:69, 24:142-143, 24:215, 24:229-253 Chalcid wasps, and fleshy fruits, 16:100 Chalk downland, erosion, 15:70 Chalk heath, 23:79 Chalk pits, abandoned, 16:26 Chalk pits, conserving, 16:27 Chalk pits, natural history of, 16:19-28 Chalk sea cliffs, 23:78-79 Chalk streams and water meadows, impact of low flows on, 4:4-14 Chalk streams, and mayflies, 13:447 Chamomile, 5:160 Chamomile, Corn, 5:160 Chamomile, in decline, 5:163-5 Charr, 1:249-60 Chartley Moss NNR, Staffordshire, 10:41-3 Chequer Tree, 6:20 Chilterns, nesting behaviour of Red Kites, 13:177-83 Chough, and CAP reform, 17:101 Chough, grazing management for, 24:14 Chough, reintroduction, 14:77-8 Chough, return of, 13:375 Chough, social life, 8:373-83 Chough, supplementary feeding, 22:315-319 Christchurch Harbour SSSI and Hengistbury Head LNR, 20:179-186 Churchyard lichens, 8:161-72 Churchyard wildlife, 4:230-41, 12:448, 13:375 Churchyards, mowing grasslands in, 16:329-31 Cicada, New Forest, 5:312 Cicada, New Forest, history, ecology and conservation of, 13:258-66 Cirl Bunting, recovery project, 22:263-271 Cities, and wildlife, 16:290-1 CLA, Future for Livestock Grazing in England & Wales, 16:142 Clam, Asian, 13:372 Clara Bog, Co. Offally, Ireland, 11:106 Clattinger Farm Reserve, Wiltshire, 12:418-21 Claypits, Peterborough, wildlife of, 16:413-21 Clearwing moths, Identification, 16:229-37 Cley and Salthouse Marshes, Norfolk, 1:96-8 Cliffe Marshes, airport development, 13:449, 14:221 Cliffs and combes – management of, 10:394-402 Climate Change Act 2008, 20:140 Climate Change Programme, 11:372 Climate change, 8:265, 9:61, 9:195, 9:341-3, 11:449-50, 12:148, 12:447, 13:146, 14:229-32, 14:309, 15:218-9, 16:221, 16:443-44, 17:70, 17:213, 18:142, 18:298, 18:370, 19:142-3, 20:75, 20:370-1, 20:446, 21:144, 22:69, 23:295, 23:447, 24:146, 24:219-220, 24:69 Climate change, and biodiversity, 11:147, 18:446 Climate change, and biomass, 22:69 Climate change, and birds, 18:143, 19:223 Climate change, and British wildlife, 5:169-80, 18:153-9, 18:381-7, 20:99-106 Climate change, and cetaceans and fish, 16:369 Climate change, and European insects, 12:188-98 Climate change, and farming, 22:219 Climate change, and livestock, 21:68 Climate change, and marine life, 18:221-2, 23:371 Climate change, and MONARCH, 13:223, 18:370, 18:454-5 Climate change, and planning, 18:221 Climate change, and politics, 20:295-296 Climate change, and rocky intertidal zone species, 20:229-235 Climate change, and species, 18:67 Climate change, and the Cairngorms, 20:389-97 Climate change, and uplands, 20:69 Climate change, and vegetation, 3:14-16, 21:370 Climate change, biofuels and fauna, 19:102-8 Climate change, butterflies and moths on Isle of Man, 19:241-7 Climate change, dragonflies as indicators of, 19:85-93 Climate change, Green Standard initiative, 18:299 Climate change, phenological responses of butterflies and moths, 13:305-11 Climate change, rivers and groundwater, 23:373 Climate change, Scottish woodfuel, 22:69-70 Climate change, waterbirds and wildlife conservation, 20:250-256 Climate change, Wildlife Trusts' report, 18:221 Climate, Kyoto talks, 9:195 Climate, recording weather, 21:236-9 Clover, Sulphur, management for, 7:174 Clubmoss, Alpine, 4:220 Clubmoss, Fir, 4:218 Clubmoss, Interrupted, 4:218 Clubmoss, Lesser, 4:220 Clubmoss, Marsh, 4:217 Clubmoss, Stag's-horn, 4:217 Clubmoss, Yellow Cypress, 4:220 Clubmosses, 4:216-20 Coalfield, wildlife and mining in Yorkshire, 12:318-26 Coalition Government, reforms and conservation issues, 22:140-141 Coarse woody debris (CWD), and invertebrates, 18:178-83 Coastal access, 17:448, 18:372 Coastal and Marine Park, Scotland, 18:145, 18:220, 18:371 Coastal erosion, and flooding, 18:221 Coastal flood defence, 11:71, 13:72 Coastal Futures 2001, 13:372 Coastal management, sea-level rise and realignment, 15:15-18, 16:21-7, 21:170-6, 24:217 Coastal soft cliffs, importance for invertebrates, 14:323-31, 19:172-81 Coastline, UK, erosion of, 15:371 Coastline, Wales, intertidal mapping, 20:335-45 Coasts in Crisis, 9:65 Cobnuts, and conservation, 6:380-3 Cockles, 8:209 Cockles, and Oystercatchers, 8:209 Cod, 14:370, 14:371, 15:71, 17:295 Cod, fishing quotas, 18:145, 18:220 Cod, stocks around UK, 15:218 Coir, use of to establish vegetation, 7:311 Coldfall Wood, North London, 8:215-17 Coll, 3:340-9 Colliery site, for wildlife, 11:333-9 Combes and sea cliff slopes – management of, 10:394-402 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), 5:264, 7:401, 8:198, 10:438-9, 13:16-20, 18:368 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), reform, 7:60, 9:335-6, 10:172-6, 10:212, 10:288, 11:70, 12:145-6, 19:219, 19:293, 19:371 Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), 12:148, 13:71, 13:222 Common land, 14:64 Common land, and nature conservation in England and Wales, 2:65-76 Common land, review, 11:298 Common Lands of England Survey, 14:64 Common Standards Monitoring, 18:1-9 Commons Act, 17:448-449 Commons Bill, 16:446, 17:144 Commons, and grazing, 11:222 Commons, Common Vision dvd, 20:142 Commons, management of, 20:142 Community Forest programme, 17:70 Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL), 20:65 Community Renewables Initiative, 13:371 Comprehensive Spending Review, October 2011, 22:140 Conifer plantation, re-creation of heathland on, 22:106-108 Cononeaster, control of, 15:91 Conopid flies, as parasitoids of bees and wasps, 8:310-15 Conservation, and plants, 22:31-40 Conservation, community, Lower Wye Valley, 17:313-321 Conservation, funding of, 19:370-1 Conservation, global, 6:99-105 Conservation, in 20th century, 24:183-189 Conservation, landscape-scale, 24:183-184 Conservation, of livestock breeds, 14:217-18 Contak, machinery ring, 16:409 Coppice for Butterflies Challenge, 13:21-8 Coppiced woodland, 2:338-9 Coppiced woodland, Bradfield Woods, Suffolk, 2:292-4 Coppicing techniques, 11:239-41, 12:422-3 Coppicing, of Atlantic hazelwoods, 14:17-26 Cord-grass, Common, control of, 14:241 Cormorant, cull, 16:69, 16:218, 16:444 Corncrake, 5:127 Corncrake, reintroduction, 15:69, 19:447 Cornwall, mine sites, and nature conservation, 16:175-83 Coronation Meadows, 24:295 Corridors, wildlife, management of, 5:1-7 Cors Erddreiniog and other Anglesey fens, 10:334-7 Cors Fochno (Borth Bog), West Wales, Reserve Focus, 14:195-8 Cotton-grass, Broad-leaved, 3:38 Cotton-grass, Common, 3:38 Cotton-grass, Hare's-tail, 3:38 Cottongrass, Slender, 3:40, 17:173-174 Cotton-grasses, 3:37-40 Countryside Agency, formation of, 10:211, 10:286 Countryside Alliance, 11:447 Countryside and Rights of Way Act (CRoW), 11:142-3, 11:293, 11:369, 11:445, 12:144, 12:216, 12:237-43, 12:371, 14:64, 14:294, 14:296 Countryside Council for Wales, 2:127, 2:321, 3:214-21, 6:398, 7:128, 8:84, 12:327, 15:291, 16:368 Countryside Council for Wales, and Welsh Assembly, 10:285-6 Countryside Information System (CIS), 17:68 Countryside March, 14:65 Countryside Movement, 7:130 Countryside Survey 2000, 12:216, 14:147, 18:299 Countryside Survey, 20:368 Countryside, changes to, 14:305-10 Countryside, decline in biodiversity, 22:68-69 County floras, 10:373-80 County flowers, 15:369-70 Cow Parsley, control of, 6:377 Cowslip, 12:446-7 Coypu, 6:279-85 Crab, Coconut, 9:103 Crab, Columbus, 18:212 Crab, Pea, 7:94-7 Crane, Common, habitats in Britain, 23:381-390 Craneflies, in Cairngorms, 20:395-7 Cranefly, 23:7 Crassula helmsii, invasive species, 10:234-9, 23:32-3 Crayfish, 6:62-3, 8:198, 14:295 Crayfish, Native 2:147 Crayfish, Native, surveying, 11:398-400 Crayfish, Native, threats to its existence, 2:141-51 Crayfish, North American Signal, 2:147, 17:67, 20:322 Crayfish, Signal, predation on Bullhead, 18:79 Crayfish, Signal, surveying, 11:398-400 Crayfish, Turkish, 2:147 Crayfish, White-clawed, refuges, 20:322 Crayfish, White-clawed, threats to and current status, 15:153-63 Crayfish-farming, 15:160-1 Creag Fhiaclach, 16:321 Cricket, Field, 2:228 Cricket, Field, preventing extinction, 8:87-91 Cricket, Mole, 23:305-312 Cricket, Scaly, 10:145-51 Crime, wildlife, 21:65 Crofting and bird conservation on Coll and Tiree, 3:340-9 Crofting, enquiry into future of, 18:369 Crom Estate, Ulster, 4:177-9 Cross Fell, Pennines, montane vegetation and foot and mouth, 21:160-7 Cross-compliance, 7:196 Cross-compliance, for England, 15:443-4 Cross-compliance, review, 20:218-219 CRoW Act (Countryside and Rights of Way), 11:142-3, 11:293, 11:369, 11:445, 12:144, 12:216, 12:237-43, 12:371, 14:64, 14:294, 14:296 Crowle, Alistair, Moor House: the history and relevance of a NNR, 20:1-10 Crymlyn Bog NNR, Glamorgan, 12:22-7 Cuckmere Haven, Seven Sisters Park, E Sussex, 2:230-2 Cudweed, Broad-leaved, 10:340 Cudweed, Common, 10:340 Cudweed, Marsh, 10:341 Cudweed, Narrow-leaved, 10:340-1 Cudweed, Red-tipped, 10:340 Cudweed, Small, 10:340 Cudweeds of the genus Filago, identification, 10:339-41 Culm grasslands, 17:374 Culm grasslands, conserving, 21:402-11, 22:151-152 (letter) Culverts, road, mammal use, 20:26-7 Cumbria – Stronghold of the British Natterjack, 9:1-6 Curry report on Future of Farming for Food, 13:371-2, 13:445, 14:142 Cypress trees, and their moths, 15:265-8 Cystopteris, Bladder-ferns, Identification, 15:93-6 Dairy farms, intensive, 21:290 Damselflies, Red-eyed, identification, 11:324-6 Damselfly, Azure, 1:93 Damselfly, Common Blue, 1:94 Damselfly, Irish, 1:94 Damselfly, Northern, 1:94 Damselfly, Red-eyed, 11:324-6 Damselfly, Scarce Blue-tailed, 7:220-5 Damselfly, Small Red-eyed, 11:324-6 Damselfly, Southern, 1:94, 15:92 Damselfly, Variable, 1:94 Dartford Warbler, conservation and access, 19:5 Dartmoor, and Bog Hoverfly, 17:102-106 Dartmoor, south-west downs, 22:184-192 Darwin Mounds, Scotland, cold-water coral reef, 15:70 Darwin, Charles, and beetle-collecting, 19:153-9, 19:301 Database of British Insects and their Foodplants, 20:17-25 Database, biodiversity, NBN Gateway, 17:1-5 Dawlish Warren LNR, Devon, 3:266-9 Dead wood, and Stag Beetles, 16:249-50 Dead wood, importance of, 16:220 Dead wood, maintaining, 9:111 Dead wood, management for woodpeckers, 8:42 Dead-wood habitats, 11:109-17 Deadwood, and beetles, 21:240 Deadwood, habitat survey method, 18:324 Dee Estuary, dredging refused, 15:290 Deer (Scotland) Act 1996, 8:133 Deer Initiative, 18:146, 18:372 Deer, 5:398, 17:142 Deer, and roads, 8:196 Deer, and vehicle collisions, 16:369, 21:146 Deer, Chinese Muntjac, 5:36 Deer, Chinese Water, 5:36 Deer, ecological impacts in lowland woodland, 21:242-54 Deer, Fallow, 5:34-6 Deer, Fallow, in Peak District, 23: 261-262 Deer, fencing woodlands, 11:121-2 Deer, identification, 5:33-6 Deer, in Peak District and its urban fringe, 23:256-264 Deer, management in South Yorkshire, 8:12-19 Deer, management of, 6:334, 16:217-8 Deer, Muntjac, in Peak District, 23:262 Deer, populations, 24:295-296 Deer, Red, 5:33, 15:446 Deer, Red, and Capercaillie, 9:38 Deer, Red, grazing, 6:178 Deer, Red, in Peak District, 23:258-260 Deer, Red, in Scotland, 15:72 Deer, Red, management of, 6:107, 7:378 Deer, Reeves', 5:36 Deer, Roe, 5:36 Deer, Roe, in Peak District, 23:260-261 Deer, Sika, 5:33-4 Deer, species and distributions, 21:244-5 Defra, new business plan 2011, 22:141 Defra, role of, 14:142 Dengue Fever, and wetlands, 16:334 Derbyshire Dales National Nature Reserve, 1:347-9 Derry Airport, planned extension of, 16:370 Derwent Valley, Yorkshire, 5:381-3 Development, and Draft Planning Policy Statement, 16:66 Development, and flood risk, 17:214 Development, and wildlife, 12:389-93, 17:214 Development, housing strategies, 17:142-143 Development, in floodplains, 21:293 Development, sustainable, 13:450, 20:446-7 Dewpond, restoration, 16:327-8 Dibden Bay, port scheme rejected, 15:371 Digital camera, use for recording, 17:27-31 Dikerogammarus haemobaphes, invasive shrimp, 24:143 Dinas Island Farm, Pembrokeshire, 19:20-7 Dipterists Forum, 24:108-109 Disciotis venosa, 10:182 Disease, Ash dieback, Chalara fraxinea, 24:69, 24:142-143, 24:215, 24:229-253 Disease, Dutch Elm, 7:38-9, 9:137, 9:140-2 Disease, fungal, 20:221 Disease, of plants from international trade, 17:140 Disease, Sudden Oak Death, 13:374, 15:296, 20:221 Distribution maps and recording techniques, 9:213-19 Ditch management for dragonflies and damselflies, 10:190-1 Ditches, managing for wildlife, 11:258-62 Diver, Black-throated, rafts, 13:321-2 Diving beetles, 15:416-20 DNA, barcoding in Wales, 24:143 DNA-fingerprinting, role in conservation of Black Poplar, 21:110-15 Dodder, Great, 8:43 Dog's Mercury, 22:241-245 Dolphin, Bottle-nosed, 3:226 Dolphin, Common, 3:226 Dolphin, Common, resident on Loch Carron, Scotland, 22:392-5 Dolphin, deaths, 11:451 Dolphin, Risso's, 3:226 Dolphin, Striped, 3:226 Dolphin, White-beaked, 3:226 Dolphin, White-sided, 3:226 Dolphins, 14:372 Dolphins, and fishing, 14:297, 17:295 Dolphins, solitary-sociable, 19:96-101 Dolphins, threats, research and conservation, 2:197-205 Donation, of land for wildlife, 14:84-7 Dordogne – and exotic England?, 21:98-109 Dormouse, 14:296 Dormouse, conservation of, 4:154-62 Dormouse, Edible, 8:349-55 Dormouse, Edible, long-term study, 22:153-161 Dormouse, Fat, 1:288 Dormouse, Hazel, 1:288 Dormouse, Hazel, National Monitoring Scheme, 21:77-83 Dormouse, in Dorset, 10:185-9 Dormouse, reintroductions, 14:91-100 Dove, Turtle, 1:332 Downland, access, 14:294 Downland, chalk, erosion, 15:70 Downs, Dartmoor, 22:184-192 Dowrog Common, Pembrokeshire, 9:86-9 Dragonflies, as climate-change indicators, 19:85-93 Dragonflies, Darter, identification, 4:305-10 Dragonfly, Black Darter, 4:309 Dragonfly, Common Darter, 4:308 Dragonfly, Downy Emerald, 16:108-19 Dragonfly, Highland Darter, 4:308 Dragonfly, Lesser Emperor, 8:360-1 Dragonfly, Red-veined Darter, 4:309-10 Dragonfly, Ruddy Darter, 4:309 Dragonfly, Vagrant Darter, 4:310 Dragonfly, Vagrant Emperor, 8:360-1 Dragonfly, Yellow-winged Darter, 4:310 Drawdown zones, ecology and management of, 16:395-402 Dredging, and marine conservation, 17:70 Dredging, of Dee Estuary, 15:290 Drigg Dunes and Gullery Local Nature Reserve, 12:153-62 Drought, 23:294 Drought, and rivers, 23:218 Duck, Ruddy, 9:130, 10:60, 14:68, 19:372, 22:298 Duckweed, Common, Lemna minor, 23:328 Duckweed, Fat, Lemna gibba, 23:327-328 Duckweed, Greater, Spirodela polyrhiza, 23:332 Duckweed, Ivy-leaved Lemna trisulca, 23:332 Duckweed, Least, Lemna minuta 23:330 Duckweed, Lemna aequinoctialis, 23:330,332 Duckweed, Lemna valdiviana, 23:330 Duckweed, Red, Lemna turionifera, 23:328,330 Duckweed, Rootless, Wolffia arrhiza, 23:332-333 Duckweed, Spirodela oligorrhiza, 23:332 Duckweeds, and other floating aquatic plants, 23:326-334 Duich Moss, Islay, 1:114 Dumbarnie Links Wildlife Reserve, Fife, 23:104-109 Dune systems, conservation management, 8:297-307 Dune, Welsh, rejuvenation, 24:85-94 Dunes, Cabin Hill NNR, 23:343-347 Dunes, deforestation of, 6:42 Dung, for nature conservation, 11:28-36 Dungeness shingle and its vegetation, 8:219-27 Dungeness, a shingle beach and its invertebrates, 4:137-44 Dungeness, airport threat, 18:222 Dunkery and Horner Wood NNR, West Somerset, 9:245-7 Dunlin, conservation and access, 19:5 Dutch Elm Disease, 7:38-9, 9:137, 9:140-2 Dytiscus, identification, 2:295-300 EA, and biodiversity, 18:218 Eagle, Golden, in Scotland, 10:325-33 Eagle, Sea, on Skye, 12:264-270 Eagle, White-tailed, 19:141-2 Earth Summit 2002, 13:374, 14:147 Earth-stars, 6:366-76 Earthworm, biology of, 24:161 East Dartmoor Woods and Heaths NNR, Devon, 11:199-202 East Thames Corridor, invertebrate fauna under threat, 12:91-8 EC BAPs, 12:374 EC Fisheries policy, 13:372-3 Ecclesall Wood, Sheffield, 8:213-15 ECOFACT programme, 11:68 Ecosystem services, and wildlife conservation, 22:169-174, 24:185-188 Ecosystem valuation, 23:447-448 Eco-towns, 19:374, 19:450, 20:143, 20:449, 21:219-20 Eco-towns, Draft Planning Policy Statement, 20:299 Eel, decline, 15:370, 20:221 Eel, Glass, 13:322 Eelgrass, communities of, 18:29-34 Eelgrass, conservation, 12:444 Eelgrasses, 6:351-5 Eels, in wetlands, 13:322 Eels, Silver, 21:28 EFNCP, 7:294, 9:79-85 Egg, theft, 19:373 Eider, on the Wash, 18:66 Eigg, 2:191 Elan Estate, Powys, 4:381-4 Elasmobranch, protection order, 23:66 Elder, the merits of a troublesome weed, 8:281-6 Elm - the forgotten tree, 9:137-43 Elm, clones of Smooth-leaved, 13:394-5 Elm, Cornish, 9:139 Elm, Dutch, 13:394 Elm, English, 9:139, 13:393 Elm, Jersey, 9:139 Elm, Plot, 9:139 Elm, Smooth-leaved, 9:139, 13:393 Elm, Wych, 9:139, 13:393 Elms, British, identification, 13:390-5 Energy, renewable, 15:144 Energy, White Paper, 14:298, 18:367 English Nature, 8:82-4 English Nature, formation of, 2:318-19, 3:214-21 English Nature, review of, 10:61-2 Ennerdale, 56-8(S) Environment Act 1995, 7:65 Environment Agency, and biodiversity, 18:218 Environment Agency, review of, 18:69 Environment Strategy, Wales, 18:69-70 Environmental Action Programme, EC, 12:374 Environmental agencies, and Coalition Government, 21:381-2, 21:443-5 Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Bill, 16:448 Environmental Assessment, 7:195, 7:265, 9:64-5 Environmental Assessment, SEAs, 16:66-67 Environmental Change Network (ECN), 9:341-7 Environmental Damage Regulations, 20:298 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), 13:219, 17:67, 18:70, 23:145 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), and planning applications, 18:368 Environmental Impact Assessment Directive, 12:370-1, 13:71 Environmental Impact Assessment, and grasslands, 16:367 Environmental Impact Assessment, failure of, 16:367, 20:66 Environmental Impact Assessment, regulations, 11:143 Environmental Information Regulations (EIR), 16:221 Environmental Liability Directive, 18:220 Environmental liability, 14:372 Environmental liability, new European directive, 15:295-6 Environmental policies, and Coalition Government 2011, 23:1-6 Environmental Stewardship Scheme, 15:139-40, 16:257-63, 18:144, 18:218-19, 18:295, 19:448), 20:217 Environmental Stewardship, and habitat management in Hertfordshire, 18:248 Environmental Stewardship, and Lawings, 22:10-13 Epipactis Helleborines, 2:106-10 Epiphyas postvittana, Light Brown Apple Moth, 24:180-182 Epiphytes, in ancient woodlands, 5:83-93 Epping Forest, and amphibians, 20:171-176 ESAs, 24:293 ESAs, and farming, 9:401 ESAs, designations 1993, 4:198 ESAs, Scotland, 15:69 Estuaries, and sea level change, 6:168-76 Estuaries, importance for birds, 1:76-88 Estuaries, natural history of, 10:403-11 Estuarine communities, 11:85-91 Estuary birds, 7:226-35 Euonymus Scale, ladybirds and spindle, 19:193-6 Eurasian Lynx, history and reintroduction in Britain, 20:77-86 Euroleon nostras, 10:303-9 Europe, nature conservation and farming, 9:79-85 European Forum on Nature Conservation & Pastoralism, 7:294, 9:79-85 European Habitats Directive, 11:66 European Protected Species (EPS), 18:449, 19:366-9 European Strategy for Plant Conservation, 19:447 European Water Framework Directive, 22:143-144 Eutrophication, 4:125, 4:378 Exmoor ponies – Britain's prehistoric wild horses? 9:304-13 Exposed riverine sediments, and flies, 21:320-5 Eye Brook, and catchment management, 18:240-7 Eyebrook Reservoir, 18:240-1 Falcon, Peregrine, in Shropshire, 9:227-31 Fan shell, Atrina fragilis, a species of conservation concern, 14:423-7 Farlington Marshes NNR, Hampshire, Reserve Focus, 24:38-42 Farm Woodlands Premium Scheme, 8:199 Farming and Food – a sustainable future, 13:219 Farming and Rural Conservation Agency (FRCA), launch of, 8:129, 8:334 Farming strategy in Wales, 19:65-6 Farming, advisory schemes, 14:219 Farming, agro-ecological approach, 21:369 Farming, and biodiversity, 19:371, 22:296, 22:371 Farming, and conservation, 11:294, 19:144, 19:219-20 Farming, and environment in Scotland, 13:447 Farming, and food production, 13:70, 21:67 Farming, and SSSIs, 11:294 Farming, and wildlife, 13:153-9, 16:239-246, 17:144 Farming, arable, and nature conservation, 5:229-35 Farming, costs of, 11:224 Farming, crisis, 11:69-70 Farming, for the environment, 18:219 Farming, for wildlife, on the Pevensey Levels, 10:9-11 Farming, hill, 23:67-8 Farming, livestock, 11:448 Farming, low-intensity, and nature conservation, 6:244-6 Farming, lowland, Part 1 1845-1945, 6:341-50 Farming, lowland, Part 2 1945-1995, 7:162-72 Farming, new waste regulations, 16:294 Farming, on the Burren, 21:1-9 Farming, organic, 11:449, 12:68, 16:142 Farming, organic, EN statement on, 15:221 Farming, problems of, 12:145 Farming, review, 22:372 Farming, slow food network, 18:144 Farming, sustainable, 13:292-3, 14:217 Farmland Bird Database, 17:77-81 Farmland Bird Index, 20: 296-297 Farmland, and birds, 1:330-5, 17:77-81, 20:141 Farmland, changes in invertebrate and plant abundance, 9:279-89 Farne Islands, Northumberland, 5:244-7 Fen grazing, conservation objectives, 16:173-4 Fen Raft Spider, conservation, 11:410 Fencing, and open spaces, 10:442 Fencing, of common land, and Open Spaces Society, 15:371 Fencing, of riverbanks, and biodiversity, 21:326-32, 21:454-5 (letters) Fencing, temporary, 20:27 Fencing, uplands, 20:69-70 Fens, and Water Voles, 18:259-66 Fens, conservation of, 5:355-66 Fens, the future of, 18:415-23 Fens, valley, 22:398-407 Fern, Lemon-scented, 1:350 Ferns of woods and moorland, 1:350-3 Ferns, history of collecting, 17:411-418 Ferret, and Polecats, 20:240-241 Ferret, Domestic, 2:169 Fertilisers, impact on hay meadows, 20:398-9 Field boundaries, protection of, 10:210 Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland, 14:338-9 Field guides, flora, a review, 2:214-18 Field margins, and agriculture, 8:309 Filey Brigg Project, 10:319-23 Fire, as a management tool, 11:48, 12:271 Fires, 14:374 Firth of Forth SSSI, 12:65 Fish and cetaceans, and climate change, 16:369 Fish farm, escapes, 11:70, 16:368 Fish farms, 3:61, 8:403, 9:266, 10:139, 10:367-8, 11:226, 11:296, 11:375, 11:451, 12:295, 12:327, 13:141-2, 13:372, 14:66, 14:220, 14:371, 14:450, 16:144-5, 21:368 Fish farms, and Invermectin, 9:337 Fish farms, and SNH, 13:223 Fish farms, cod, 14:370 Fish farms, in Scotland, 12:394-401 Fish farms, Orkney, 15:71 Fish, Allis and Twaite Shad, 11:159-66 Fish, and Beavers, 7:279-80 Fish, and coastal lagoons, 4:243-4 Fish, and conservation value of shallow lakes, 13:10-15 Fish, Bullhead, 18:77-86 Fish, freshwater, conservation of, 5:8-15 Fish, population declines, 11:148, 17:145 Fish, problems of releases, 4:127 Fish, reintroductions, 14:80-1 Fish, Smelt, status, ecology and conservation of, 15:330-8 Fish, Spined Loach, 11:390-7 Fish, winter refuges, 5:379 Fish, Zander, 11:2-8 Fisheries Jurisdiction Bill, 15:142 Fisheries, 7:131, 9:404, 11:2-8, 11:446, 14:143, 17:217, 17:370-371 Fisheries, and birds, 11:69 Fisheries, European, 14:220 Fisheries, freshwater, 13:142, 14:450 Fisheries, inshore, 14:450 Fisheries, inshore, Scotland, 15:372 Fisheries, salmon and freshwater, 10:289 Fish-farming industry, 21:66 Fish-farming, and fish food, 15:290 Fishing quotas, 18:145 Fishing, 5:403, 6:335-6, 7:337, 7:405, 8:131, 8:266, 9:133, 9:337, 12:219, 14:370-2, 23:65-6 Fishing, and dolphins, 14:297 Fishing, and fish stocks, 17:145, 20:372, 21:221, 22:449 Fishing, and seabed communities, 12:68 Fishing, Atlantic Salmon, Irish rivers, 16:217 Fishing, coarse season, 6:401 Fishing, damage to reefs, 13:293 Fishing, discards, 24:219, 24:297 Fishing, EC Fisheries Council decisions, 11:225 Fishing, EU rejects ICES recommendation, 16:216 Fishing, impact on marine environment, 16:216 Fishing, impacts on seabirds, 21:448 Fishing, no-take zones, 14:297, 15:142 Fishing, Scotland, strategy, 18:145 Fishing, strategies, 16:445-6 Fishing, Sturgeon, 21:416-9 Fishing, sustainable, 15:372 Fishing, trawling, Scotland, 16:68 Fishing, Wales, 15:142 Fitter, Richard 1913-2005, obituary, 17:32 Flanders Moss NNR, Stirlingshire, 23:100-103 Flatworm, Arthurdendyus albidus, 16:192 Flatworm, Arthurdendyus triangulatus, 16:192-3 Flatworm, Australopacifica coxii, 16:193 Flatworm, Australopacifica sp, 16:193 Flatworm, Australoplana sanguinea, 16:193 Flatworm, Bipalium kewense, 16:194 Flatworm, Caenoplana coerulea, 16:194 Flatworm, Dolichoplana striata, 16:192 Flatworm, Kontikia andersoni, 16:194 Flatworm, Kontikia ventrolineata, 16:194 Flatworm, Microplana humicola, 16:192 Flatworm, Microplana scharffi, 16:192 Flatworm, Microplana terrestris, 16:192 Flatworm, Rhynchodemus sylvaticus, 16:192 Flatworms, British Land, Identification, 16:189-94 Fleabane, Small (Lesser), 2:77-9, 22:342-347 Flies, of exposed riverine sediments, 21:320-5 Floating Pennywort, removal of, 18:324-5 Floating vegetation island, Norfolk Broads, 18:248-9 Flood and coastal defence, report, 12:294 Flood and Water Management Bill, Draft, 20:451 Flood management, catchment-scale, 23:250-251 Flood meadow, Twenty Acres, Scotland, 18:106-9 Flood prevention, 5:199 Flood risk, and development, 17:214 Flooding, 12:146-7, 14:218-19, 14:370, 18:445-6, 21:143, 23:447 Flooding, and coastal erosion, 18:221 Flooding, and wildlife, 19:446 Flooding, coastal management strategy, 16:70 Flooding, effects on food for breeding waders, 12:179-87 Flooding, farmland, 24:217 Flooding, Floods and Water Bill, 20:219-220 Flooding, Pitt Review 2007, 19:67, 19:222, 19:374-5, 19:445-6 Flooding, Scotland, 19:446 Floodplain Restoration Initiative, 12:221 Floodplains, development on, 12:221, 21:293, 23:144 Floodplains, protection of, 8:262 Flora, a review of the illustrated field guides, 2:214-18 Flora, and geology, 14:186-94 Flora, Britain's first, John Ray's Cambridge Catalogue of 1660, 23:159-165 Flora, changes in British 1987-2004, 17:381-390 Flora, monitoring, 8:7-11 Flora, mountain, 3:10-21 Flora, native, local extinctions, 12:305-10 Floras, county, 10:373-380 Flow Country, 1:239, 1:371, 2:321, 3:186, 9:332, 19:229-39, 19:378-9 Flowering plants, conservation of rarest, 4:296-304 Flowers, protecting with cages, 17:33-41 Fly ash (PFA), ecology of, 5:149-57 Fly, conopid, 8:310-15 Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), 12:290-2, 12:369, 12:444, 13:18-19, 13:70, 13:146, 13:445, 19:66 Foresight Project on Land Use Futures, 20:69 Forest, defoliation, 14:146-7 Forest, research, 11:220-1 Forestry Commission, review of, 12:296 Forestry Devolution Review, 14:69, 14:293 Forestry review, England, 14:219, 14:447-8 Forestry, 6:61, 8:130, 9:59, 9:60,10:136-7, 13:220-1, 13:294-5, 14:293-4 Forestry, and New Forest, 7:332 Forestry, and restoring open habitats, 21:369 Forestry, in Scotland, 12:217, 17:294, 18:219 Forestry, Independent Panel report, 23:217-218 Forestry, Northern Ireland, 17:375 Forestry, Public Forest Estate, future of, 21:292, 22:216-217, 22:293-294 Forestry, standards, 7:399 forests, carbon and climate, 24:70 Formica aquilonia, 10:1-8 Formica exsecta, 10:1-8 Formica lugubris, 10:1-8 Formica pratensis, 10:1-8 Formica rufa, 10:1-8 Formica sanguinea, 10:1-8 Foster, Garth, Whirligig beetles, 20:28-35 Fox, populations, 14:65-6 Foxes, in Bristol, 12:411-17 Foxhunting, 8:400, 11:222, 11:447-8, 12:296, 13:292 Fracking, 23:144 French Ales, 6:20 Freshwater biodiversity, importance of clean-water ponds, 22:77-85 Freshwater fish, conservation of, 5:8-15 Fritillary 3:200-10 Fritillary butterflies, 3:282-96, 9:221-6 Fritillary, degradation of habitat for, 17:176-184 Fritillary, Marsh, management for, 14:321-2 Frog, Common Tree, 1:160, 17:153-160 Frog, Common, 1:157, 14:260-9 Frog, Common, in Epping Forest ponds, 20: 171-176 Frog, deformities of, 9:60 Frog, disease of, 13:297 Frog, Edible, 14:260-9 Frog, emergence dates in Devon, 10:310 Frog, emergence, 11:412-13 Frog, Marsh, 14:260-9 Frog, Pool, reintroduction, 6:1-4, 14:260-9, 17:123-124, 17:66, 17:141 Frogs and toads, ecological genetics, conservation and extinction, 8:341-7 Frogs, and pesticides, 24:215-216 Frogs, green, 1:158 Frogs, water, 14:260-9 Fruit flies, true, and fleshy fruits, 16:100-1 Fruits, fleshy, and insects, 16:95-103 Fuel crops and fauna, 19:102-8 Fungal flowers: the waxcaps and their world, 9:164-72 Fungi, Amanita, 4:73-84 Fungi, and dung, 11:31 Fungi, Boletes, 3:270-81 Fungi, books on, 7:348-52 Fungi, bracket, 3:1-9 Fungi, Britain's parasitic toadstools, 14:117-22 Fungi, collecting, 9:349-56, 17:295, 18:147 Fungi, edible, 9:349-56 Fungi, Fly Agaric, 4:73-84 Fungi, Gasteromycete, 6:366-76 Fungi, Glomales, 13:86-93 Fungi, grassland, monitoring of, 16:35-8 Fungi, grassland, types of, 16:32-4 Fungi, in gardens, 21:395-6 Fungi, in woodlands, 4:85-6, 4:205-15 Fungi, living on lichens, 15:192-9 Fungi, morels, 10:177-84 Fungi, practical problems and conservation, 9:17-21 Fungi, spring fruiting times, 18:267-72 Fungi, toadstools and wood-chip beds, 18:98-105 Fungi, tooth-fungi, 11:401-9 Fungi, waxcaps, 9:164-72 Fungus, Nail, 9:19-20 Future Water, 19:297 FWAG, demise of, 19:145, 23:141 FWAG, new association formed, 24:218 Gadwall, 3:65-9 Gait Barrows NNR, Cumbria, 2:359-61 Gall midges, and fleshy fruits, 16:100 Galls, oak, 3:162-6 Galls, plant, 24:31-37 Game shooting, and woodland ecology, 17:294 Garden Mammals Survey, 13:78-9 Garden pond, for wildlife, 3:257-61 Gardens and wildlife, the BUGs project, 16:1-9 Gardens, birds and birdwatching, 19:77-83 Gardens, for wildlife, 12:77-84, 13:77-84, 16:371-2 Gardens, rural, and biodiversity, 21:85-95 Gardens, study of natural history in, 21:393-9 Gardens, urban, for wildlife, 18:171-7 Gasteromycete fungi, 6:366-76 Gaultheria shallon, 11:411 Geese, as crop eaters, 8:210 Geese, Barnacle, 5:265, 6:129, 8:130 Geese, Barnacle, cull, 24:296-297 Geese, Brent, 6:106-7 Geese, Dark-bellied, Brent, 7:341-7 Geese, feeding fields, 15:218 Geese, wild, and grassland, 10:232-3 Genetic conservation, 12:149 Genetically modified - see under GM Gentian, Marsh, 5:240 Geology, and the British flora, 14:186-94 Gibbons, Bob, Kingcombe Meadows, Dorset, 20:12-16 Gibraltar Point NNR, Lincolnshire, 7:177-9 Gilbert, Oliver 1936-2005, (obituary), 16:442 Gilfach Farm Nature Reserve, Radnorshire, 15:103-9 Glastir scheme, Wales, 22:67, 22:297 Global warming, 5:172-4, 15:218-9, 23:220, 23:295 Glomales, the ecology of mycorrhiza, 13:86-93 Glow-worm, 13:313-19 Glow-worm, Common, 21:39-43 Glow-worm, Lesser, 20:58-9, 21:21-43 Glow-worm, management for, 24:255-256 Glyphosate, and frogs, 23:374 Glyphosate, effects of, 23:292 GM crops, 11:70, 14:370, 14:446, 15:140, 15:70, 15:139, 15:221, 15:295, 15:374, 16:70, 16:219, 21:446-7, 22:372, 22:449, 23:373-374, 24:216-217 GM crops, and nanotechnology, 21:220 GM crops, and pesticides, 21:369, 23:292 GM crops, research, 20:373 GM crops, trials, 11:295, 13:220, 16:294 GM, and native grasses, 16:70, 18:186-94 GM, fish, 14:67 GMOs (Genetically modified organisms), 9:336, 10:133, 10:213, 10:284-5, 10:365-6, 10:439-40, 11:146-7, 11:225, 11:374-5, 11:449, 13:145, 13:293 GMOs, and Skylarks, 12:146 Goat, feral, conservation and management, 6:152-9 Goat, feral, in Ireland, 22:333 Golden Plover, conservation and access, 19:5 Golden Plover, in Cairngorms, 20:395-7 Golf courses, and wildlife, 7:137-46, 8:62, 11:221 Goose, Barnacle, 5:265, 6:129, 8:130 Goose, Brent, 6:106-7 Goose, Dark-bellied Brent, 7:341-7 Gorse Mites, 16:314-17 Gorse, control of, 1:340-1, 4:311, 15:328-9, 24:96 Government, coalition, impact on environmental agencies, 21:381-2 Government's response to EU Habitats & Species Directive, 6:307-9 Gower Coast National Nature Reserve, 20:107-115 Gower, common land restoration, 17:446-447 Grass heaths, 4:125-6 Grasses, pasture plants, GM watch, 16:70 Grassholm, 5:94-103, 11:78-83 Grasshopper, Common Field, 1:220 Grasshopper, Common Green, 1:222 Grasshopper, Heath, 1:220 Grasshopper, Large Marsh, 1:223 Grasshopper, Lesser Marsh, 1:220 Grasshopper, Lesser Mottled, 1:222, 2:37-41 Grasshopper, management for, 18:16, 23:234 Grasshopper, Meadow, 1:219 Grasshopper, Mottled, 1:222 Grasshopper, Rufous, 1:222 Grasshopper, songs, 11:319-23 Grasshopper, Stripe-winged, 1:222 Grasshopper, Woodland, 1:220 Grasshoppers, and agricultural management, 21:241 Grasshoppers, and grass-cutting, 17:171-172 Grassland Trust, The, 16:368 Grassland, 1:202-13 Grassland, acid, and lowland heath re-creation, 22:101-109, 22:302 (letter) Grassland, and bumblebees, 13:217 Grassland, and EIA, 23:145, 23:222 Grassland, and ESAs, 9:63-4 Grassland, and wild geese, 10:232-3 Grassland, biodiversity, 12:68 Grassland, chalk, effects of grazing on, 9:173 Grassland, chalk, managing for beetles, 17:399 Grassland, chalk, Porton Down, 15:381-90 Grassland, chalk, protection of, 8:330-2 Grassland, chalk, re-creating, 8:308-9 Grassland, chalk, Salisbury Plain, 13:335-42, 13:344-50 Grassland, diversification and Yellow Rattle, 17:93-98 Grassland, effects of flooding on food for breeding waders, 12:179-87 Grassland, enhancing floral diversity, 19:18-19 Grassland, grazing on, 5:73-82 Grassland, limestone, management for Fritillary butterflies, 9:39 Grassland, limestone, management of, 5:73-82 Grassland, limestone, translocation of, 6:41 Grassland, loss of lowland, 12:292-3 Grassland, loss of, 10:132, 13:143, 14:219, 23:374 Grassland, Lowland Survey of Wales, 18:314-23 Grassland, lowland wet, predation of breeding waders, 21:29-38 Grassland, Magnesian limestone, 9:205-11 Grassland, management for Pasqueflower, 23:243-248 Grassland, management, in Transylvania, 21:339-44 Grassland, managing airfields, 9:110 Grassland, new, and soil fertility, 12:271-2 Grassland, restoration, 12:68, 12:229-35 Grassland, restoring from agricultural fields, 13:396-7, 21:20-21 Grassland, review of, 8:61 Grassland, Scottish, 13:143 Grassland, species-rich, 9:357, 10:59 Grassland, threatened wildflower, 19:294 Grassland, translocation, 10:419 Grassland, wet, 21:97 Grassland, wet, management and restoration, 11:121, 15:239 Grassland, wet, management for Lapwing, 21:319 Grasslands Trust, report Nature's Tapestry, 22:373 Grasslands, and ant-hills, 17:392-397 Grasslands, and downland access, 14:64 Grasslands, condition of, 16:445 Grasslands, decline of wild flower, 13:371 Grasslands, failure to protect, 21:368 Grasslands, in churchyards, 16:329-31 Grasslands, lowland, and heaths, studies of, 18:327-34 Grasslands, on dunes, grazing of, 20:245-246 Grasslands, restoration for beetles and plants, 20:177-178 Grass-poly, 2:26 Gravel extraction sites, restoration of, 2:80-8, 13:145 Gravel pits, restoration of, 2:80-8, 13:145 Grazing Animals Project (GAP), 9:358, 10:439, 11:349-53 Grazing animals, welfare of, 13:139 Grazing by large animals, a Dutch perspective, 12:37-46 Grazing changes, at Sutton Park NNR, 10:69-75 Grazing lowland pasture woods, 6:78-88 Grazing mammals, effects on woodland, 5:205-13 Grazing management, of recreated flood meadows, 18:96 Grazing, 11:198, 14:449, 15:68 Grazing, and commons, 11:222, 14:448 Grazing, and heather, 8:334 Grazing, and moths, 14:389 Grazing, cliffs and dunes, 10:191 Grazing, effects of on unimproved meadows, 8:356-8 Grazing, extensive, 44-9(S) Grazing, fens, 16:173-4 Grazing, flying flocks, Scotland, 22:14-15 Grazing, for biodiversity, 16:219 Grazing, for nature conservation, 11:348-53 Grazing, in the New Forest, 9:1-16 Grazing, livestock, benefits to wildlife, 16:142 Grazing, livestock, EN publications, 17:18 Grazing, lowland heaths, 2:276-89 Grazing, management for Adonis Blue butterfly, 15:329 Grazing, management for Chough, 24:14 Grazing, marsh ditches, management advice, 23:98-99 Grazing, naturalistic, 4-15(S), 30-1(S), 37-43(S), 51-5(S) Grazing, of domestic animals on saltmarshes, 15:392-400 Grazing, on dune grasslands, 20:245-246 Grazing, on heather moorland, 8:358 Grazing, Oostvaardersplassen, 28-36(S) Grazing, rabbit, 12:200 Grazing, selecting the right animal, 13:218 Grazing, shingle beaches, 15:91-2 Grazing, traditional schemes, 14:142-3 Grazing, upland, 24:293 Grazing, wild, and landscapes, 2-63(S) Great Bustard, on Salisbury Plain, 16:146, 17:374 Great Fen Project, 14:298, 18:421-3 Great Fen, the, 18:415-23 Great Wheel Busy (Chacewater Mine), Cornwall, wildlife of, 16:182-3 Greater Horseshoe Bat Project, 15:1-6 Grebe, Slavonian, conserving Scotland's, 15:25-30 Green belt, 19:146 Green Food Project, 23:449 Green infrastructure, initiative, 22:373 Green lanes, importance of scrub management, 21:401 Green roofs, for invertebrates, 24:15 Green roofs, development of, 15:296, 16:371, 21:295 Green Shoots, Wales, 16:151 Green space, law on registering, 18:448 Green spaces, 14:145-6, 17:446, 18:71, 20:448-9 Greenspace, Wales, 17:375 Grey Mare's Tail Nature Reserve, South Scotland, Reserve Focus, 15:20-4 Grey Seal, in Norfolk, 19:305-14 Greywell Moors, Hampshire, Reserve Focus, 19:411-14 Greywell Tunnel, and bats, 2:18-19, 4:400-1 Grimethorpe Colliery, 11:333-9 Groundhoppers, 1:297 Groundwater Directive, and chemicals, 18:219 Grouse, and fences, 13:397 Grouse, Black, 10:60-1 Grouse, Black, BAP steering group, 15:409 Grouse, Black, grazing threats to, 7:378-9 Grouse, Black, heather management for, 14:89, 14:241-2 Grouse, Black, in Wales, 9:174 Grouse, Black, recovery in northern England, 21:383-91 Grouse, Red, and moor management, 16:339-47 Grouse, Red, decline, 7:62, 16:146 Grouse-moor, management of, 5:379-80, 10:190, 16:339-47 Guard hairs, of British canids and mustalids, 11:118-20 Guides, to insects, a review, 5:104-8 Guillemot, Black, at Bangor, Co Down, 21:153-8 Gull, Black-headed, colony at Ravenglass NR, 12:153-62 Gwaun Valley, Pembrokeshire, 18:35-36 Gyrinus aeratus, 20:30-35 Gyrinus caspius, 20:30-35 Gyrinus marinus, 20:29-35 Gyrinus minutus, 20:30-35 Gyrinus natator, 20:30-35 Gyrinus opacus, 20:30-35 Gyrinus paykulli, 20:30-35 Gyrinus substriatus, 20:29-35 Gyrinus suffriani, 20:30-35 Gyrinus urinator, 20:29-35 Gyromitra esculenta, 10:179-81 Habitat change and bird populations, 1:324-35 Habitat change, and climate change, 18:157-8 Habitat creation schemes, 7:130 Habitat quality and isolation, importance for butterflies, 13:398-403 Habitat Regulations, review of, 14:144-5 Habitat Survey of Wales, 16:153-62 Habitats & Species Directive, Government's response, 6:307-9 Habitats Directive, 1:53, 5:132, 6:99-105, 6:132, 6:200, 6:264, 6:297-306, 8:64, 9:64 Habitats Directive, marine, 15:70-1 Habitats Directive, selecting the UK sites, 6:297-306 Habitats Regulations, 15:222 Haloing, and veteran tree conservation, 22:247 Harbour Seal, in Norfolk, 19:305-14 Hard-fern, 1:353 Hare, 7:267 Hare, Mountain, in the Peak District, 15:110-16 Hare-coursing, 14:65 Harrier Hen, 18:68 Harrier, Hen, control of, 20:66-7 Harrier, Hen, Scottish survey, 16:68 Harvestman, 21:84 Haskins Report, rural policy review, England, 15:138-9 Hatfield Forest, Essex, 4:42-4 Havergate Island NNR, Suffolk, Reserve Focus, 14:101-5 Havergate Island RSPB Reserve, managed realignment, 14:391 Hawk's-beard, Stinking, Species Recovery Programme, 21:255-60 Hay meadows, conservation of, 5:37, 6:235-43 Hay meadows, impact of fertilisers on, 20:398-9 Hay meadows, Peak District National Park, 10:311-18 Hay-strewing, to create wild-flower meadows, 15:37-44 Hazel, pollarding, 11:47 Hazelwoods, Atlantic, 14:17-26 Health issues, and wetlands, 16:332-8 Heath Fritillary, management for, 17:399-400 Heather and Grass Burning Code, 19:69 Heather, and grazing, 8:334, 17:143-144 Heather, regeneration from scrub, 13:43 Heathers, on raised bogs, 11:103 Heathland and wood pasture, Norfolk, 18:395-403 Heathland management (letters), 22:453-4 Heathland restoration, and seed banks, 10:115 Heathland restoration, and the public, 20:177 Heathland, 8:61 Heathland, and military training, 16:29 Heathland, and urban development in SE Dorset, 11:229-37 Heathland, decline, 19:220 Heathland, fires, 17:447 Heathland, grazing by cattle, 12:123 Heathland, grazing, 1:345 Heathland, Holt Heath, Dorset, 3:34-6 Heathland, lowland, 12:423 Heathland, lowland, management for wildlife, 1:336-46 Heathland, lowland, protection of, 17:372-373 Heathland, lowland, restoration, 21:96-7, 22:101-109 Heathland, Pembrokeshire's Living Coast Project, 19:448 Heathland, plantation and the Forestry Commission, 20:267-272 Heathland, pollution by vehicles, 9:174 Heathland, re-creation from forestry, 20:269-272 Heathland, re-creation in Wales, 10:364 Heathland, re-creation of, 5:38-9, 7:39, 7:110 Heathland, restoration of, 7:218-19, 9:173-4, 14:321, 16:328, 17:449, 24:95 Heathland, turf-stripping, 4:312 Heathlands, establishment of Heather, 17:259 Heathlands, impact of humans on, 15:8 Heathlands, West Sussex, 23:83 Heathrow Airport, expansion, 20:219 Heathrow, expansion, 21:293-4, 21:372 Hedgehog, decline, 17:450 Hedgehog, in Hebrides, 18:297, 19:220, 21:218 Hedgehog, poisoning, 21:218 Hedgehog, Uist cull, 14:67-8, 14:221, 15:446, 24:111-116, 24:225 Hedgehogs, 5:69-72 Hedgehogs, protecting waders from, 14:15 Hedge-laying, techniques, Aylesbury Vale, 16:172-3 Hedgelink, 20:325 Hedgerow Incentive Scheme, 3:316 Hedgerow Trust, launch of, 11:67 Hedgerow, handbook, 14:220 Hedgerow, prosecution, 13:373 Hedgerow, removal, Miserden Estate, Glos, 20:68 Hedgerows, 4:87-95, 6:62, 8:132, 8:200, 8:267, 8:404, 10:63-4, 11:223-4, 11:272, 11:373, 11:449, 12:218-19, 12:445 Hedgerows, and farmers, 12:445 Hedgerows, and the historic landscape, South Gower, 17:260-269 Hedgerows, managing, 11:272, 23:294 Hedgerows, protection, 8:132, 24:217 Hedgerows, review of, 10:63-4 Hedgerows, their wildlife, current status and management, 20:323-9 Hedgerows, threatened, 11:223-4 Hedges, advice leaflets, 20:246 Hedges, restoration techniques, 15:167 Hedges, wildlife value of, 4:87-95 Helleborine, Broad-leaved, 2:107-8 Helleborine, Dark Red, 2:107 Helleborine, Dune, 2:108 Helleborine, Green-flowered, 2:110 Helleborine, Marsh, 2:107 Helleborine, Narrow-lipped, 2:110 Helleborine, Red, 2:225 Helleborine, Red, protecting, 17:38-9 Helleborine, Violet, 2:108 Helleborine, Young's, 2:110 Helvella acetabulum, 10:181-2 Hengistbury Head LNR and Christchurch Harbour, 20:179-186 Henslow's Swimming-crab, 18:212 Herbal medicine, 15:291 Herbicide, residue in manure, 19:449 Herbicides, 11:294-5 Herbicides, resistance to, 17:66 Herbivores, large, grazing and landscapes, 8-13(S), 16-20(S), 44-9(S) Herb-Paris, 2:100-1 Heslop, IRP, a biography, 16:164-71 High Speed 2 (HS2, high-speed rail corridor), impacts of, 22:446, 23:69 Higher Level Scheme (HLS), 17:67, 18:296, 18:369, 19:144, 22:163-166 Highland Cattle, 12:316 Highlands, and Water Voles, 13:255-7 Himalayan Balsam, 18:223 Hobby, in Britain, 4:341-6 Hoegate Common, 6:84 Holly, Ivy and Mistletoe, 7:69-74 Holmsley Bog, New Forest, 17:174-175 Holt Heath, Dorset, 3:34-6 Honeybee, and insecticides, 20:67-8 Honeybee, decline, 20:141, 20:300 Hop-growing, 11:12-13 Hornet, 5:308 Hornet, Asian, 23:370 Horse Mussel, Strangford Lough, 16:144 Horse-chestnut Leaf-miner, and parasitoids, 22:305-313 Horse-pasture project, 13:447 Horses, grazing, and CAP, 16:143 Horsetail, Branched, 8:38 Horsetail, Field, 8:40 Horsetail, Great, 8:41 Horsetail, Marsh, 8:41 Horsetail, Rough, 8:38 Horsetail, Shade, 8:40 Horsetail, Variegated, 8:40 Horsetail, Water, 8:40 Horsetail, Wood, 8:41 Horsetails, identification, 8:37-41 House Sparrow, 19:142 Housebuilding, 8:128-9, 9:199, 11:299 Housebuilding, in south-east, 11:299 Housing Green Paper, 18:447 Housing, environmental impacts of, 15:447 Hoverflies, British, 14:38-45 Hoverflies, Volucella, 17:249-256 Hoverfly Recording Scheme, 14:38-45 Hoverfly, Bog, 17:102-106 Hoverfly, Golden, in East Anglia, 16:250 HS2 (high-speed rail link), 23:217, 23:372, 23:452, 24:295 Human population growth, and wildlife issues, 13:1-8 Humberhead Levels, 22:322-332 Hunting Bill, 14:219, 14:446-7, 15:140, 16:65, 16:141 Hunting, 8:62, 11:67 Hunting, in Scotland, 14:65, 15:447-8 Hunting, wildlife crime, 16:141 Hydropower, effects on rivers, 20:296 Identification, Beetles, diving, 2:295-300 Identification, Bindweeds, 9:359-61 Identification, Bladder-ferns Cystopteris, 15:93-6 Identification, Britain's Bee Orchids, 1:37-40 Identification, Britain's frogs and toads, 1:157-60 Identification, British bats, 2:32-6 Identification, British bee-flies, 8:175-9 Identification, British bush-crickets, 2:233-7 Identification, British Clubmosses, 4:216-20 Identification, British Cotton-grasses, 3:37-40 Identification, British Elms, 13:390-5 Identification, British Equisetum Horsetails, 8:37-41 Identification, British grasshoppers, 1:219-23 Identification, British Land Flatworms, 16:189-94 Identification, British Newts, 2:362-5 Identification, British Oenanthe, Water-dropworts, 6:148-51 Identification, British oil beetles, 14:27-30 Identification, British reptiles, 4:27-31 Identification, Broomrapes, 19:264-70 Identification, Cetaceans, 3:224-9 Identification, Clearwing moths, 16:229-37 Identification, Cudweeds of the genus Filago, 10:339-41 Identification, Darter dragonflies, 4:305-10 Identification, Deer, 5:33-6 Identification, Duckweeds and other floating aquatic plants, 23: 326-334 Identification, Epipactis Helleborines, 2:106-10 Identification, Ferns of woods and moorland, 1:350-3 Identification, Forester and Burnet moths, 3:297-301 Identification, Fritillary butterflies, 9:221-6 Identification, Leaf-cutter bees, 10:388-93 Identification, Longhorn beetles, Part 1, 18:406-14 Identification, Longhorn beetles, Part 2, 19:35-43 Identification, Mayweeds, 5:158-62 Identification, Oak galls, 3:162-6 Identification, Orthotrichum (bristle-mosses), 20:187-194 Identification, Prominent and Kitten moths, 12:107-13 Identification, Red-eyed damselflies, 11:324-6 Identification, Shrews, voles and mice, 1:285-8 Identification, Skipper butterflies, 7:243-7 Identification, Small blue damselflies, 1:92-5 Identification, Social wasps, 5:304-11 Identification, Tiger moths, 6:224-9 Identification, Tracks and signs of the weasel family, 2:167-71 Identification, Vagrant Emperors, 8:360-1 Identification, Volucella hoverflies, 17:249-256 Identifying insects, 10:153-63 Inglestone Common, Glos, 16:305-12 Inland waters, waterfowl and recreational disturbance, 4:221-9 Insect guides, a review, 5:104-8 Insecticides, and amphibians, 20:67 Insecticides, and honeybees, 20:67-8 Insects, and fleshy fruits, 16:95-103 Insects, and pest control, 17:142 Insects, and their pathogens, 22:94-100 Insects, Database of British Insects and their Foodplants, 20:17-25 Insects, European, and climate change, 12:188-98 Insects, fruit feeding, table, 16:98-9 Insects, identifying, 10:153-63 Insects, of Scottish mountains, 6:160-7 Insh Marshes, Speyside, 5:41-3 Integrated Agency, 16:294 Intensive cropping, biodiversity, 16:145 International Biological Programme, 20:6-8 International Peatland Conservation Council, 15:374 Intertidal mapping, Wales, 20:335-45 Intertidal zone species, and climate change, 20:229-235 Invasive species, 10:364-5, 11:71, 11:411, 13:450, 14:68-9, 14:373-4, 15:370, 17:450, 18:297, 18:454, 19:220, 20:67, 20:221, 21:66, 21:177-83, 22:142, 22:218, 297 Invasive species, added to Schedule 9, 21:218 Invasive species, and game crops, 23:371 Invasive species, Ireland, 17:374 Invasive species, Killer Shrimp, 22:408-12 Invasive species, marine, 10:365 Invasive species, micro-moths from Australia, 24:179-182 Invasive species, New Zealand Pigmyweed, 23:32-3 Invertebrate Conservation Trust, launched, 12:295 Invertebrate conservation, in broad-leaved woodland, 2:335-44 Invertebrates, and bare ground, 11:183-91 Invertebrates, and coarse woody debris, 18:178-83 Invertebrates, and plants, on farmland, 9:279-89 Invertebrates, at Dungeness, 4:137-44 Invertebrates, effects of mechanical beach-cleaning, 7:147-55 Invertebrates, folk-names, 20:381-7 Invertebrates, management for in BAP Priority Habitats, 14:167-8, 15:410 Invertebrates, of Ash, 24:251-253 Invertebrates, of coastal soft cliffs, 14:323-31, 19:172-81 Invertebrates, of dung, 11:29-30 Invertebrates, of seasonal pools, 2:22-9 Invertebrates, of wood pastures, 11:108-17 Invertebrates, on Hampshire Avon winterbournes, 21:14-16 Invertebrates, on mine sites, 16:181 Invertebrates, site surveys, 4:283-6 Invertebrates, Thorne and Hatfield Moors (letters), 23:73-4 Invertebrates, under threat in East Thames Corridor, 12:91-8 Invertebrates, wetland, of Ireland, 12:256-63 Ireland, ecology in, 19:293 Ireland, nature protection, 14:296 Ireland, turloughs, 19:109-17 Ireland, weak wildlife law, 17:70 Ireland's raised bogs, 11:100-7 Irish Hare, killing ban, 16:217 Irish Sea Pilot project, 15:71, 15:290-1 Islay SSSI, withdrawn, 10:364 Islay, Chough behaviour, 8:375-8 Isle of Man, butterflies, moths and climate change, 19:241-7 Isle of Man's mystery grasshopper, 2:37-41 Isle of May NNR, Fife, Reserve Focus, 22:87-91 Isle of Noss, Shetland, 1:289-91 Isles of Scilly, Lesser White-toothed Shrew, 9:94-9 Ivy, Holly and Mistletoe, 7:69-74 Jacob's Ladder, 1:363 Japanese Knotweed, control of, 5:37, 7:175, 10:365, 12:199, 17:20 Jellyfish, Amazonian Freshwater, 14:169-70 JNCC, review of, 7:399, 12:327-8, 15:221 Joint Nature Conservation Committee, 7:399, 8:85-6, 12:327-8 Joint Raptor Study, 11:295 Juniper, 11:144, 13:342 Juniper, and Phytopthora, 23:450 Juniper, managing uplands for, 17:20 Juniper, Plantlife project, 23:141 Juniper, restoration in Scotland, 23:251 Kelp forests, 4:163-75 Kelp, identification, 4:172-3 Kenfig LNR, and Fen Orchid, 22:1-8 Keskadale Wood, Cumbria, 19:187-92 Kew, 4:109-11 Kielder Forest, restoration of Border Mires, 24:153-160 Killarney National Park, 17:83-92 King Penguin, 20:160 Kingfisher, nest sites, 5:182 Kite, Red, nesting behaviour in the Chilterns, 13:177-83 Kite, Red, poisoning, 24:296 Kite, Red, re-introduction project, 1:178, 1:365, 7:18-25, 19:141, 19:296, 19:447 Kite, Red, threatened by rodenticides, 1:55-6, 11:192-7 Knottholes, wildlife of Peterborough claypits, 16:413-21 Knotweed, Japanese, 5:37, 7:175, 10:365, 12:199, 17:20 Krummholz, 16:322-3 Lady Park Wood reserve, Lower Wye Valley, 6:205-13, 17:7-16 Ladybird Spider, history, ecology and conservation, 20:153-159 Ladybird, and Euonymus Scale and spindle, 19:193-6 Ladybird, Harlequin, 16:146, 16:403-7, 17:216, 18:287, 19:182-6, 23:296 Ladybird, Kidney-spot, and scale insects and spindle, 19:193-6 Ladybirds, 2:53, 2:180, 8:223-42 Ladybirds, and pathogens, 22:98-99 Ladybirds, effects of fertilisers, 23:450 Lady-fern, 1:352 Lagoon, coastal, 11:331 Lagoon, coastal, managing, 11:273, 13:42 Lake District, polluted lakes, 23:219 Lake restoration, 19:94-5 Lakenheath Fen, RSPB reserve, 22:381-90 Lakes, shallow, conservation value of, 13:10-15 Lamprey, 13:381-8 Lamprey, Brook, 13:381-8 Lamprey, River (Lampern), 13:381-8 Lamprey, Sea, 13:381-8 Land Caddis (Terrestrial Caddis), search for, 17:21-6 Land Management Contracts, LMCs, 16:143 Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003, 14:296 Land Reform (Scotland) Bill, 12:371 Land Use Climate Change Group for Wales, 21:290-1 Land use, changes in Scotland, 14:375 Landscape art, 10:419-20 Landscape history, heathland and wood pasture in Norfolk, 18:395-403 Landscape, quality of, 15:448 Lapwing, 1:333-4 Lapwing, and farmyard manure, 14:389 Lapwing, farming and Environmental Stewardship, 22:10-13 Lapwing, management of wet grasslands for, 21:319 Lapwing, new approach to conservation, 14:109-16 Lapwing, predation of nests, 21:29-38 Lapwings, on a downland farm, Hampshire, 23:186-192 Lathkill Dale, 1:347-9 Law, and British wildlife, 2:345-58 Law, and European Protected Species, 19:366-9 Law, and protecting the marine environment, 19:401-10 Law, wildlife, review of, 23:64-5 Lawn-cutting, phenology, 24:267-268 Lawton Report, Making Space for Nature, overview, 22:65-66 Lead shot, ban, 11:447 Leaf-miner, Horse-chestnut, and parasitoids, 22:305-313 Leatherjackets, 23:7 Leech, Medicinal, status, conservation and use of, 13:229-38 Leek, Babington's, 1:301-2 Leven Canal SSSI, judicial review, 15:294-5 Lever-and-mulch method, Rhododendron control, 22:167-168, 23:325 Lewis, windfarms, 19:374 Lichen, River Jelly, and the UK BAP, 15:314-8 Lichens, as indicators of ecological continuity, 5:90-3 Lichens, churchyard, 4:234, 8:161-72 Lichens, conserving on old fences and gates, 22:396-7 Lichens, fungi living on, 15:192-9 Lichens, managing habitats for, 13:245 Lichens, of Ash, 24:243-246 Lichens, of Atlantic hazelwoods, 14:17-26 Lichens, of Scotland's basalt outcrops, 23:168-178 Lichens, on mine sites, 16:180-1 Lichens, on raised bogs, 11:103 Lily, May, management for, 5:182 Lily-of-the-Valley, 2:99-100 Lime, Large-leaved, on South Downs, 12:86-90 Lime, Small-leaved, 2:92-4 Limestone grassland, management for Fritillary butterflies, 9:39 Limestone grasslands, management of, 5:73-82 Limestone pavement, ecology and conservation, 10:103-13 Limestone pavements, 2:362-5, 8:197 Limestone pavements, under threat, 17:218 Limestone, Torbay, flora of, 18:184-93 Limestone, trade in, 12:145 Lindisfarne NNR, 14:241 Lingerabay, Isle of Lewis, quarry proposal, 17:297, 17:331-338 Liver flukes, and wetlands, 16:336 Livestock farming, threat to, 16:446 Livestock grazing, EN publications, 17:18 Livestock, and grazing, 15:68 Livestock, conservation of, 14:217-18 Livestock, grazing riverbanks, 21:326-32 Living Landscapes initiative, and biodiversity, 13:370-1 Living with the Sea project, 14:451 Lizard Peninsula, 3:92-105 Lizard, Common or Viviparous, 1:261-5, 4:28, 12:100 Lizard, Sand, 1:261-5, 4:28, 8:305-6 Lizard, Sand, on dune systems, 8:305-6 Lizard, Viviparous, hibernacula for, 17:322 Lizard, Wall, 12:99-106 Loach, Spined, a conservation plan, 11:390-7 Loach, Stone, 11:392 Lobelia, Water, 10:25 Local Nature Reserves, funding, 12:447 Local Records Centres, review, 19:450 Local Wildlife Sites (LWS), 17:372 Localism Act 2011, 23:4-5, 23:221 Loch Carron, Scotland, resident dolphins, 22:392-5 Loch Leven, Scotland, and its trout, 12:118-19 Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park, 14:340-8 Loch Melvin, N Ireland, and its trout, 12:116-17 Loch of Strathbeg, Aberdeenshire, 8:109-11 Loddington Farm, Leicestershire, 10:261-7 London Bat Project, 14:2 London Biodiversity Strategy, 13:141 London House Sparrow Parks Project, 24:167-168 Long Nanny, Northumberland, Little Tern colony, 22:100-116 Lough Leane, Killarney, 17:83-92 Low flows, 4:4-14, 5:62 Low flows, and River Misbourne, 18:335-46 Low flows, on chalk streams and water meadows, 4:4-14 Lower Wye Valley, community conservation, 17:313-321 Low-intensity farming, and nature conservation, 6:244-6 Lowland farming and wildlife Part 1 1845-1945, 6:341-50 Lowland farming and wildlife Part 2 1945-1995, 7:162-72 Lowland Grassland Survey of Wales, 18:314-23 Lowland grassland, losses, 12:292-3 Lowland grasslands and heaths, studies of, 18:327-34 Lowland heathlands, grazing, 2:276-89, 9:315 Lowland heaths, 2:276-89, 3:185-6, 9:315 Lowland heaths, and Woolmer Forest, Hants, 17:185-193 Lowland wet grassland, for breeding waders, 6:89-98 Lowland wet meadows, restoration of, 5:126 Lowlands, future landscapes for wildlife, EN report, 15:293 Lunan Loch, aquatic fauna destroyed, 18:294-5 Lundy, 20:413-22 Lundy, Lundy Cabbage and its beetles, 13:184-90 Lundy, No Take Zone (NTZ), 16:144 Lune Valley, 13:370 Lurcher's Gully, 1:113, 1:239, 1:305, 1:370 Lyme Bay Reefs Project, 13:72-3 Lyme Disease, and ticks, 4:280-2, 8:16, 10:442 Lynx, Eurasian, history and reintroduction in Britain, 20:77-86 Machair, 11:414-22 Machair, decline, 18:68 Machinery rings, 9:358 Mackerel, 24:218 MAFF, past record, 12:67 Magnesian limestone grassland and its conservation, 9:205-11 Making Space for Nature, overview of Lawton report, 22:65-66 Malaria, and wetlands, 16:335-6 Male-fern, 1:352 Male-fern, Scaly, 1:352 Malham Tarn NNR, Yorkshire, Classic site, 13:29-37 Mallow, Hairy, conservation of, 4:303-4 Mammals Trust UK, launch of, 12:373 Mammals, in Britain, a historical perspective, 14:243-51 Mammals, large, grazing and landscapes, 8-13(S), 16-20(S), 50-5(S) Mammals, revised population estimates, 16:217 Mammals, small, and roadside verges, 5:312 Mammals, small, and wildlife bridges, 23:153-157 Mammals, small, on wetland habitats, 14:17109 Mammals, use of road culverts, 20:26-7 Management plans, 10:420 Management, monitoring effects of, 10:191 Management, of lowland heathlands for wildlife, 1:336-46 Managing your own wildlife site, 9:378-83 Maple, Celtic, 16:184-8 Mapping Country Sports project, 14:65 Mapping, plant changes, 17:381-390 Mar Lodge Estate, Cairngorms, 2:320-1, 2:381, 3:385, 16:86-94 Marine and Coastal Access Bill/Act, 20:222, 20:372, 21:146 Marine Bill Campaign, Wildlife Trusts, 16:126 Marine Bill, 17:370, 18:68, 18:297-8, 19:218, 19:374, 19:406-7, 19:447, 20:140 Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs), 23:142, 24:218 Marine conservation, 12:443 Marine conservation, Filey Brigg Project, 10:319-23 Marine conservation, Irish Sea Pilot, 15:71, 15:290-1 Marine Consultation Areas, 3:253 Marine environment, endocrine disruption, 14:221 Marine environment, legal protection, 19:401-10 Marine environment, management of Scotland's, 15:372 Marine Environmental High Risk Areas (MEHRAs), 8:267, 17:295 Marine law, Scotland298 Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN), 14:66-7 Marine life, around St Kilda, Western Isles, 15:339-48 Marine life, in Scottish sealochs, 3:22-33 Marine National Park, Hebridean proposal, 16:217 Marine Natural Areas, 16:144 Marine Nature Conservation, Review of, RMNC, 16:67 Marine Parks, Scottish, 17:371 Marine Protected Areas, 15:445 Marine protection, and Habitats Directive, 11:147-8 Marine Renewable Energy, 24:220 Marine SACs, 12:219 Marine Strategy Directive, 19:218, 19:403 Marine Strategy Framework Directive, EU, 17:217, 20:222 Marine Turtles in British and Irish waters, 9:69-78 Marine Wildlife Conservation Bill, 13:145-6, 13:221-2 Marine wildlife, threats, 13:447-8 Marine, inquiries, 15:290 Marloes Coast Project, 16:30 Marsh Fritillary, Conserving in Britain, 13:404-11 Marshes, water levels and birds, 13:244 Marsland Nature Reserve, Devon, fritillary butterflies, 24:1-8 Marten, Pine, 2:170, 4:35-41, 8:273-9 Marten, Pine, in Scotland, 4:35-41 Marten, Pine, its status in England and Wales, 8:273-9 Martin Down, Hampshire, 1:41-3 Martin, Sand, nesting towers, 21:96 Mason-wasp, Purbeck, 9:90-3 Master Tree, myth of, and Purple Emperor, 19:330-7 Mayflies, in chalk streams, 13:447 Mayweed, Scented, 5:162 Mayweed, Scentless, 5:162 Mayweed, Sea, 5:162 Mayweed, Stinking, 5:160 Mayweeds, identification of, 5:158-62 Meadow restoration, 21:241 Meadow, reprieve, Bicester, 24:219 Meadow, species-rich, restoration, 12:316-17 Meadows, and pastures, 1:202-13 Meadows, creating wild flower by strewing green hay, 15:37-44 Meadows, cutting, 9:110-11 Meadows, Dales hay, 20:164-166 Meadows, grazing on unimproved, 8:356-8 Meadows, hay, in decline, 10:59 Meadows, lowland wet, restoration of, 5:126 Meadows, management of, 4:311 Meadows, mesic, 20:167-169 Meadows, sublittoral and intertidal, 6:351-5 Meadows, upland hay, North Pennines, 21:184-92, 301-2, 21:377-8 (letter) Meadows, wet, 20:166-167 Meadows, wild, 19:294 Meadows, woodland origins of, 20:161-170 Meconopsis cambrica, Welsh Poppy, history and taxonomy, 24:16-20 Megachile centuncularis, 10:391 Megachile circumcinta, 10:391 Megachile lapponica, 10:391 Megachile leachella, 10:392 Megachile ligniseca, 10:392 Megachile maritima, 10:392 Megachile versicolor, 10:392 Megachile willughbiella, 10:392 Megafungi, the conservation of waxcap grassland, 16:31-43 Mendip Hills AONB, Bracken-composting on, 15:409-10 Menie, Scotland (golf course development), 20:139-140 Merthyr Mawr, National Nature Reserve, 16:11-17 Metallophytes, 16:179-80 Micro-moths, invasive species from Australia, 24:179-182 Middleholm, 5:94-103 Migrants, and climate change, 18:156-7 Migration, birds, 14:313-19 Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland, 12:173-8 Millennium Seed Bank Project, 9:273-7 Million Ponds Project, 20:369, 22:82-84 Millipedes, 16:77-84 Millipedes, Glomeroid, 16:78-9 Millipedes, Juloid, 16:79-80 Millipedes, Platydesmoid, 16:80 Millipedes, Polydesmoid, 16:80 Millipedes, Polyxenoid, 16:78 Milton Keynes, and amenity woodland, 12:244-51 Mine sites, and nature conservation, Cornwall, 16:175-83 Mineral extraction, wildlife in quarries, 18:305-12, 18:368 Minerals Restoration Potential project, 18:306-7 Minerals, planning policy, 18:145-6 Mink, 1:313-23, 2:169, 5:299-300, 9:130, 11:71, 15:142 Mink, American, 2:169 Mink, control of, 15:410 Mink, feral, and nature conservation, 1:313-23 Mink, in Hebrides, 11:71 Minsmere Reserve, management of reedbeds for Bitterns, 12:8-15 Minsmere Reserve, re-creation of acid grassland and heath, 22:102-105 Mires, transition, restoration in New Forest, 17:173-175 Miriam Rothschild, 1908-2005, 16:264 Mistletoe, distribution, biology and the National Survey, 7:75-82 Mistletoe, distribution, conservation and insect associates, 23:23-31 Mistletoe, Holly and Ivy, 7:69-74 Mites, Gorse, 16:314-17 Mitrophora semilibera, 10:179 Molinia caerulea, control on moorland, 16:248 Molluscs, and fen grazing, 16:173-4 Molluscs, conservation of, 4:145-53 Molluscs, fresh- and brackish-water, 8:151-9 MONARCH, and climate change, 18:370, 18:454-5 Monitoring, protected sites, 18:1-9 Montague, Pevensey Levels, HLS farming, 22:163-166 Montane heath, North Wales, 17:100 Montane scrub, Scotland, 16:318-25 Montane vegetation, and foot and mouth, Cross Fell, Pennines, 21:160-7 Montgomery Canal, 15:294, 15:448, 17:401-410 Moor House: the history and relevance of a NNR, 20:1-10 Moor House-Upper Teesdale NNR, and its rare plants, 23:393-401 Moorland Scheme, 6:334 Moorland, effects of burning on wildlife of, 15:251-7 Moorland, management, 15:69 Morchella esculenta, 10:178-9 Morels and their allies – spring spore-shooters, 10:177-84 Morrich More, 1:239 Mosquitoes, 19:338-46 Moss Burn, North Pennines, 20:1, 20:9 Moss harvesting, illegal, Wales, 18:296 Mosses, of dung, 11:31-2 Moth traps, 2:177, 5:137-8 Moth, Alder Kitten, 12:109 Moth, Apple Ermine, 24:260 Moth, Barberry Carpet, 1:271-3, 11:71, 11:175-82 Moth, Bird-cherry Ermine, 24:258-259 Moth, Black-veined, 1:267-70 Moth, Blair's Shoulder-knot, 3:211-13 Moth, Brown-tail, 24:262-263 Moth, Buff-tip, 12:112 Moth, Burnet, 3:297-301 Moth, Burnet, in western Scotland, 5:222-8 Moth, Cistus Forester, 3:298 Moth, Coxcomb Prominent, 12:111 Moth, Cream-spot Tiger, 6:228 Moth, Currant Clearwing, 16:232 Moth, Dusky Clearwing, 16:231-2 Moth, Essex Emerald, 1:276-82 Moth, Fiery Clearwing, 16:237 Moth, Fisher's Estuarine, 11:223 Moth, Five-spot Burnet, 3:301 Moth, Forester, 3:297-301, 11:71 Moth, Garden Tiger, 6:228 Moth, Great Prominent, 12:113 Moth, Hawthorn, 24:258 Moth, Hornet Clearwing, 16:230-1 Moth, Iron Prominent, 12:110 Moth, Jersey Tiger, 6:229 Moth, Lackey, 24:261 Moth, Large Red-belted Clearwing, 16:236 Moth, Lesser Swallow Prominent, 12:110 Moth, Light Brown Apple, 24:180-182 Moth, Lobster, 12:113 Moth, Lunar Hornet Clearwing, 16:231 Moth, Maple Prominent, 12:112 Moth, Narrow-bordered Five-spot Burnet, 3:301 Moth, Netted Carpet, 16:105, 18:325-6 Moth, New Forest Burnet, 1:275, 11:71, 3:300 Moth, Oak Processionary, 20:371, 24:262 Moth, Orange-tailed Clearwing, 16:234-5 Moth, Orchard Ermine, 24:259 Moth, Pale Prominent, 12:111 Moth, Pebble Prominent, 12:110 Moth, Plumed Prominent, 12:111 Moth, Poplar Kitten, 12:109 Moth, populations, 24:295 Moth, Puss, 12:108 Moth, Red-belted Clearwing, 16:235 Moth, Reddish Buff, 1:273-5 Moth, Red-tipped Clearwing, 16:235-6 Moth, Ruby Tiger, 6:228 Moth, Sallow Clearwing, 16:234 Moth, Sandhill Rustic, 6:37-9 Moth, Scarce Forester, 3:298 Moth, Scarce Prominent, 12:112 Moth, Scarlet Tiger, 6:229 Moth, Scotch or Mountain Burnet, 3:300 Moth, Silver-spotted Skipper, 5:126 Moth, Six-belted Clearwing, 16:236 Moth, Six-spot Burnet, 3:300 Moth, Slender Scotch Burnet, 3:300, 5:224-6, 11:71 Moth, Small Eggar, 24:261 Moth, Spindle Ermine, 24:260 Moth, Swallow Kitten, 12:109 Moth, Swallow Prominent, 12:110 Moth, Thrift Clearwing, 16:236-7 Moth, Transparent Burnet, 3:301, 5:226-7 Moth, White-barred Clearwing, 16:234 Moth, Willow Ermine, 24:260 Moth, Wood Tiger, 6:228 Moth, Yellow-legged Clearwing, 16:232-4 Moths Count: the National Moth Recording Scheme, 20:88-96 Moths, and fleshy fruits, 16:97-9 Moths, and grazing, 14:389 Moths, butterflies and climate change, Isle of Man, 19:241-7 Moths, changes in populations, 16:386-94 Moths, clearwing, and pheromone lures, 16:237 Moths, clearwing, Identification, 16:229-37 Moths, conservation of British, 16:386-94 Moths, conserving Britain's rarest, 1:266-84 Moths, English names, 10:29-38 Moths, of cypress trees, 15:265-8 Moths, phenological responses to climate change, 13:305-11 Moths, Prominent and Kitten, Identification, 12:107-13 Moths, Tiger, Identification, 6:224-9 Moths, web-building, 24:257-264 Mountain flora, 3:10-21 Mountainous regions, problems facing, 14:146 Mouse, Harvest, 1:286-8, 6:356-65 Mouse, Harvest, Suffolk case study, 23:419-423 Mouse, House, 1:286-8 Mouse, Wood, 1:286-8 Mouse, Yellow-necked, 1:286-8, 11:168-74 Mudflat, creation, 12:68 Muirburns, impact of (letter), 20:150 Museums, importance of collections, 23:110-115 Mushrooms, Peter Marren, book preview, 23:404-408 Mushrooms, wild, 14:393-402 Mussel, Depressed River, 8:157-8 Mussel, Fine-lined Pea, 8:157 Mussel, Freshwater Pearl, 11:340-7, 17:217 Mussel, Freshwater Pearl, illegal pearl-fishing in Scotland, 24:10-13 Mussel, Horse, 15:218 Mussel, Pearl, 8:155-7, 20:68 Mussel, Zebra, in Ireland, 16:68-69 Mycorrhiza, 18:253 Mycorrhiza, Glomales, 13:86-93 Myxomycetes, 7:236-42 Nagoya Protocol, 22:145 Napoli, effects of wreck, 18:297 National Biodiversity Network (NBN) Trust, report, 18:69 National Biodiversity Network (NBN), 17:1-5, 21:313-17 National Botanic Garden of Wales, reprieve for, 15:291 National Dormouse Monitoring Scheme, 21:77-83 National Heritage (Scotland) Act, 2:383-9 National Mistletoe Survey, 23:23-5 National Moth Recording Scheme, Moths Count, 20:88-96 National Nature Reserves, EN policy statement, 11:222 National Nature Reserves, government sell-off, 22:216 National Nature Reserves, history and role of, 20:1-2 National Park, New Forest, 16:292 National Parks (Scotland) Bill, 12:65 National Parks, 11:66-67, 12:445 National Parks, charity events, 16:292 National Parks, funding, 13:446 National Parks, in Northern Ireland, 14:293 National Parks, Scotland, 22:66 National Parks, Welsh, 16:69 National Planning Policy Framework, 22:295, 22:375, 23:296-297 National Ponds Monitoring Network, 15:371 National Rivers Authority, 1:109 National Trust, 30 years of biological surveying, 19:415-23 National Trust, and nature conservation, 5:367-78 National Vegetation Classification (NVC), 2:266-8, 3:70-80, 7:29 National Vegetation Classification, use in woodland surveys, 3:70-80 Native plants, 8:402, 9:131-2, 10:132, 10:366, 11:144, 12:305-10, 18:297 Native plants, and wildlife planting schemes, 18:161-8 Native plants, guidance on use of, 11:144 Native plants, local extinctions, 12:305-10 Native trees and shrubs, planting, 11:67-8 Native trees, 8:402, 11:67-8 Natura 2000, 9:402-3, 12:374 Natural Capital Committee, 23:220 Natural England, 17:295-296, 17:370, 17:450, 18:11-15, 18:69, 19:145 Natural England, new strategic campaigns, 18:143-4 Natural England, review, 24:220 Natural Environment Framework, Wales, 22:66 Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), 17:296, 17:371 Naturdenkmal, designating natural features, 12:312-15 Nature After Minerals report, 18:309-12, 18:368, 19:399 Nature Conservation (Scotland) Bill, 15:374 Nature Conservation Orders, 8:333 Nature conservation, is it working for plants?, 22:31-40 Nature Improvement Areas (NIA), pilot, 23:293 Nature Reserves, planning for visitors, 2:206-13 Nature's Calendar, 22:254-257 Nature's Calendar/UK Phenology Network, 23:252-255, 24:265-268 NCC reorganisation, 1:51-2, 1:89-91, 1:112-13, 1:175, 1:177, 1:235, 2:123-4, 2:318-19 NCCS, formation of, 2:320 Nene Washes, 10:115 Neonicotinoids, pesticide, 22:220, 22:297, 22:372, 23:452, 24:67, 24:294 Nest Record Scheme, BTO, 18:229-34 Nestbox, design, 10:420 Nest-building, 20:236 Nesting rafts, for divers, 11:410-11 New Agricultural Landscapes, 8:198-9 New Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland, 4:360-6 New Forest Cicada, ecology and conservation, 5:312, 13:258-66 New Forest National Park, boundary, 18:371 New Forest, 5:401-2, 6:79-86, 14:375 New Forest, and forestry, 7:332 New Forest, demise of butterflies, 7:205-16 New Forest, ecology and pastoralism, 9:7-16 New Forest, heathland management, 1:336-46 New Forest, heaths, 2: 278-86 New Forest, National Park, 15:446, 16:292, 18:110-19 New Forest, restoration of transition mires in, 17:173-175 New Forest, stewardship of, 15:294 New Naturalist Library, 4:347-59 New Zealand Pigmyweed, control of, 17:19, 23:32-3 Newborough Warren NNR, Anglesey, 6:109-11 Newt, Alpine, 2:365 Newt, Great Crested, 2:362, 6:332, 6:399, 7:1-8, 7:267, 7:400, 12:252-5, 19:150-1 Newt, Great Crested, decline, 23:141 Newt, Great Crested, Identification, egg-laying and larval development, 12:252-5 Newt, Great Crested, in Epping Forest ponds, 20: 171-176 Newt, Italian Crested, 2:365 Newt, Palmate, 2:363 Newt, Palmate, in Epping Forest ponds, 20: 171-176 Newt, Smooth, 2:363 Newt, Smooth, in Epping Forest ponds, 20: 171-176 Newts, 2:362-5 NGOs, and Coalition Government's environmental policies 2011, 23:1-6 Nicholson, Max, obituary, 14:320 Nightingale, habitat, 12:422 Nightingale, in England – problems and prospects, 10:221-30 Nightjar, behaviour, conservation & access, 7:297-304, 19:3-4 Nine Mile River, Bulford, 21:18 Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs), 13:372, 13:446, 19:69, 20 :69 Nitrates Directive, 13:220 Nitrates, control of, 23:294 Nitrates, in Thames, 23:219 Nitrogen pollution, 17:293, 20:451, 23:374 NNRs, 8:197, 11:222 Nob End, Bolton, 10:13-17 Noble Chafer (Gnorimus nobilis), and traditional orchards, 23:17-22 Non-native invasive plants, 21:177-83 Non-native species, impacts of, 17:140-141 Non-native species, Scotland, 18:223 Noosphere, spread of, 16:107 Norfolk Broads, creating floating vegetation islands, 18:248-9 Norfolk, heathland and wood pasture, 18:395-403 Norfolk's seals, 19:305-14 North Meadow, Cricklade, Wiltshire, 1:216-18 North York Moors National Park, and Water Voles, 5:297-303 Northern Ireland wildlife law, 12:442 Northern Ireland, environment agency, 16:70 Nutrient enrichment, 14:306 NVCS, planting recommendations of, 8:356 Oak galls, 3:162-6, 21:394-5 Oak woodlands, Keskadale, Cumbria, 19:187-92 Oak, acute oak decline, 21:371 Oak, Pedunculate, leafing dates (letter), 21:377 Oak, Sudden Oak Death disease, 13:374, 15:296, 20:221 Oceans, effects of warming on fish, 23:65-6 Odiham Common, Hampshire, 6:84 Oenanthe, identification, 6:148-51 Offham Marsh, Sussex, 8:398, 9:62 Offshore wind turbines, 19:223, 23:144 Oil exploration, 22:219 Oil spills, 4:336, 6:63, 6:403, 7:195, 7:263-4, 8:64, 9:201, 9:267, 11:226 Oostvaardersplassen, large-scale nature development, 28-36(S) Open access land, maps, 16:445 Open-country species, 21-5(S) Orchard Network, 23:9 Orchards, and carbon, 23:371 Orchards, conserving traditional, 23:8-16 Orchards, importance for Noble Chafer, 23:17-22 Orchid, Bee, 1:37-8 Orchid, Early Spider, 1:40 Orchid, Fen, on dune systems, 8:306 Orchid, Fen, threatened species, 22:1-8 Orchid, Fly, 1:40 Orchid, Ghost, 21:145-6 Orchid, Late Spider, 1:38 Orectochilus villosus, 20:30-35 Organic Entry Level Stewardship, 21:369 Organic farms, and wildlife, 17:68 Orielton Decoy, history of, 20:37-43 Orthotrichum (bristle-mosses), Identification, 20:187-194 OSPAR Convention '98, 10:138, 11:148 Otter, 1:315, 2:170-1, 3:314, 3:325-8, 7:353-64, 8:64, 9:145-53, 9:400, 11:423-6, 12:446, 14:322, 15:142 Otter, and fisheries, 18:66 Otter, deaths, 18:67 Otter, decline and recovery, 7:353-64 Otter, in Essex, 14:153-8 Otter, in Shetland, 21:229-34 Otter, in south-east Britain, 3:325-8 Otter, intraspecific aggression, 11:423-6 Otter, parasite threat to, 16:444 Otter, reinforcing populations in North Yorkshire, 9:145-53 Otter, reintroductions, 3:314 Otter, survey 2000-2002, 14:374 Otter, tracking, 9:400 Otter, with high pollutant levels, 16:217 Ouse Washes, Cambridgeshire, Reserve Focus, 13:267-70 Overfishing, 13:448, 18:145 Overgrazing, 13:445, 14:307-8, 17:375 Owl, Barn, 20:11 Owl, Barn, population trends in, 2:131-40 Owl, Barn, releases, 3:262-5 Owl, Barn, using pellets to detect Harvest Mice, 23:422 Owl, Eagle, 17:141, 20:405-12 Owl, Long-eared, 7:310-11 Owl, Tawny, 19:10 Oxleas Wood, 2:188 Oxlip, is its future in doubt? 10:92-101 Oystercatcher, 8:209 Ozone, effects of, 5:174-6, 13:73 Parasitism, plant, Yellow Rattle, 17:93-98 Parasitoid, of Holly Blue, 17:419-424 Parasitoids, of Horse-chestnut Leaf-miner, 22:305-313 Park Grass Experiment, 17:373 Park Place Estate, Berkshire, case study of, 15:166 Parrot, Cuban, 9:101 Parsonage Moor and Cothill Fen, Oxfordshire, 22:398-407 Partridge, Grey, 1:332-3 Pasqueflower, 21:312 Pasqueflower, history of, 23:240-249 Pass of Ryvoan, Cairngorms, 7:41-3 Pastoral farming and nature conservation, in the British uplands, 4:367-76 Pastoralism, in the New Forest, 9:7-16 Pasture woods, grazing, 6:78-88 Pathogens, of insects, 22:94-100 Paths, management of, 6:41-2 Peak District National Park, 10:311-18 Peak District, and Mountain Hare, 15:110-16 Peak District, deer in its urban fringe, 23:256-264 Peak District, feral wallabies, 24:169-178 Pear, Plymouth, 6:273-8 Pear, Wild, 11:313-18 Pearl-fishing, illegal in Scotland, 24:10-13 Peat bogs, 5:202 Peat bogs, Irish, 20:450 Peat Commission, 4:129 Peat, 14:69, 21:291 Peat, blanket, 5:127 Peat, blanket, and carbon, 19:28-33 Peat, extraction, 3:119, 3:187, 3:251-2, 3:314, 3:353-4, 4:63, 4:244-5, 4:266, 5:63, 5:365, 5:400, 6:58, 6:127, 6:197, 6:334, 7:62, 9:62, 9:333, 11:68, 12:375, 13:144, 13:296, 14:67, 23:97 Peat, extraction, Chat Moss, Lancs, 22:70 Peat, extraction, Thorne and Hatfield Moors, 22:322-324 Peat, protection of, 9:127-8 Peatland campaign, 1:236-7 Peatland Conservation Strategy, 2:124 Peatland loss, 1:373 Peatland restoration, Border Mires, 24:153-160 Peatland, Flow Country, 19:229-39, 19:378-9 Peatland, restoration, 10:442, 19:375, 20:369 Peatlands, 5:331 Peatlands, management for conservation, 1:144-56 Peatlands, tree removal and drain-blocking, 14:15-16 Pembrokeshire Islands, 5:94-103, 11:77-84 Pembrokeshire Islands, conservation history, 11:77-84 Pencoedre Wood, Glamorgan, 17:372 Penguin, King, 9:101, 20:160 Pennines, Cross Fell, montane vegetation and foot and mouth, 21:160-7 Pennines, North, upland hay meadows, 21:184-92, 301-2, 21:377-8 (letter) Peregrines, and pigeons, 8:211 Perring, Franklyn, obituary, 15:151 Pesticide Poisoning of Animals 2003, Scotland, 16:141 Pesticide poisoning of wildlife, 7:273-8, 13:73 Pesticides and GM crops, 23:292 Pesticides, 5:132, 8:262, 12:446 Pesticides, and bees, 22:220, 22:297, 22:372, 23:293, 24:146, 24:216 Pesticides, and frogs, 24:215-216 Pesticides, and GM crops, 21:369 Pesticides, and pollinators, 24:294 Pesticides, campaign for tax, 16:294 Pesticides, contamination of water, 13:372, 16:220, 17:215 Pesticides, EU review, 20:144, 20:219 Pesticides, in water, 21:292-3 Pesticides, neonicotinoids, 21:66, 22:220, 22:297, 22:372, 23:452, 24:67, 24:294 Pesticides, on shooting estate, 20:68 Pests, and import restrictions, 24:215 Petalwort, on dune systems, 8:306 Pevensey Levels, and farming for wildlife, 10:9-11 PFA, fly ash ecology, 5:149-57 Pheasant, 15:141-2 Phenological responses of butterflies and moths to climate change, 13:305-11 Phenology, and butterflies, 17:165-166 Phenology, and climate change, 18:153-9 Phenology, and fungi spring fruiting times, 18:267-72 Phenology, autumn (Nature's Calendar), 20:247-249 Phenology, UK Network, 10:77-81, 14:229-32, 15:245-50, 17:237-241, 18:236-9, 22:254-257, 23:252-255 Pheromone lures, and clearwing moths, 16:237 Phosphates, in rivers, 21:372 Photomonitoring, in Wales, 6:23-7 Phthiria pulicaria, 8:178 Phytophagous Insect Data Base (PIDB), 20:18-19 Phytophthora, invasive fungi, 20:67 Picos de Europa, northern Spain, 12:335-44 Pigeons, and Peregrines, 8:211 Pike, protection, 18:66-67 Pillwort, a Scottish perspective on its conservation, 10:297-302 Pineappleweed, 5:162 Pinewoods, managing Scotland's for wildflowers, 23:167 Pingos, Thompson Common, Norfolk, 15:240-3 Pinkhill Meadow, Oxfordshire, 8:368-70 Pitcherplant, 13:332 Pitt Review, flooding report 2007, 19:445-6 Plane, Scots, 16:184-8 Planning Act 2008, 20:220 Planning Reform Bill, 19:221 Planning, 8:195, 11:146, 12:1-6, 12:144-5, 12:217-18, 12:389-93, 13:73, 13:295 Planning, and biodiversity, 16:447, 17:69, 21:445 Planning, and development, 12:144-5 Planning, Barker report, 18:222 Planning, draft National Planning Policy Framework for England, 22:445-6, 23:68 Planning, Draft Planning Policy Statement, 16:66 Planning, for wildlife, 12:1-6 Planning, Green Paper, 13:220 Planning, housing and wildlife, 12:389-93, 24:219 Planning, Housing Green Paper, 19:67 Planning, in river basins, 20:70 Planning, in southern Britain, 11:146 Planning, new requirements, 19:295 Planning, policy, 8:195 Planning, reform, 13:73, 13:295, 13:449, 24:295 Planning, sustainable, 19:295 Planning, White Paper, 18:367 Plant and invertebrate change, on farmland, 9:279-89 Plant hybrids, conservation of, 15:411-15 Plant Strategy, UK, 15:292 Planta Europa, 7:127 Plantlife, launch, 1:53-4, 1:110 Plants, and nature conservation, 22:31-40 Plants, changes in British 1987-2004, 17:381-390 Plants, conservation of, 14:146 Plants, rare, in muddy habitats, 7:281-6 Plover, Little Ringed, predation on, 14:389-90 Poisoning, bird, 13:73, 13:373, 24:296 Poisoning, birds in Scotland, 18:68 Poisoning, Buzzard, 24:216 Poisoning, by pesticides, of wildlife, 7:273-8, 13:73 Poisoning, lead, 13:373 Poisoning, raptor, 14:373 Poisoning, Ravens, 14:164 Poisoning, weasels and stoats, 13:424 Polecat, 2:169, 5:16-25, 16:217, 20:237-244 Polecat-ferret, 20:239-241 Poliploidy, 15:93 Pollarding, ancient trees, 4:245 Pollarding, origins and practical advice, 8:100-5 Pollards, and pollarding in Europe, 19:250-9 Pollination, 21:447-8 Pollination, problems in gardens, 21:397-8 Pollinators, and pesticides, 24:294 Pollution, 4:63, 4:65, 5:330, 5:402, 6:266, 6:402, 8:131 Pollution, air, 11:220, 15:448, 16:220 Pollution, algal bloom, 9:334, 11:70, 13:72 Pollution, and fish-farming, 9:261-2, 15:372 Pollution, and flooding, 16:69 Pollution, aquaculture, 12:148 Pollution, by companies, 16:294 Pollution, by shipping, 9:201, 9:266, 13:294, 17:145 Pollution, by Tioxide, 10:289 Pollution, diffuse, from farming, 15:443, 18:369-70, 22:67-68, 24:294 Pollution, endocrine-disrupting, 9:196, 10:132, 12:66-7 Pollution, hormone, 5:201-2 Pollution, in Lake District lakes, 23:219 Pollution, light, and shorebirds, 24:143-144 Pollution, marine, 7:404, 8:64, 8:132, 9:133, 9:266-7, 11:296, 12:148, 14:143, 14:372 Pollution, Milford Haven, 10:216 Pollution, mitigation, 24:217 Pollution, nitrate, 5:201, 5:399-400, 9:195, 9:261, 10:216, 11:70, 11:222, 13:220, 16:445, 17:293, 20:451 Pollution, ocean, 22:449 Pollution, ocean, by shipping, 23:69 Pollution, oestrogenic substances, 8:198, 13:296-7 Pollution, oil, 4:336, 6:63, 6:403, 7:195, 7:263-4, 8:64, 9:201, 9:267, 11:226 Pollution, ozone, 7:266 Pollution, pesticide, reduction of, 16:143 Pollution, pesticides in water, 16:220, 16:447 Pollution, pesticides, 23:452, 24:67 Pollution, phosphates, 8:199 Pollution, plastic, 24:297 Pollution, rivers, 6:128-9, 13:448, 17:215, 18:70-71 Pollution, sheep-dip (pyrethroid), 9:129, 9:335, 15:72, 16:446-7, 17:204 Pollution, TBT, 16:446 Pollution, toxic seaweed, 22:449 Pollution, water, 3:382, 8:95-7, 10:367, 15:140-1 Pollution, water, Scotland, 15:170 Pollution, Welsh lakes, 12:448 Polypores, 3:1-9 Polytunnels, and planning, 17:292-293, 18:368 Pond Action, 5:287 Pond Conservation Trust, launched, 10:289 Pond creation, and macrophytes, 5:380 Pond margins, trampling of, 4:243 Pond, garden, creating, 3:257-61, 8:356 Pond, management, 5:273-87 Ponds, clean-water, use to protect freshwater biodiversity, 22:77-85 Ponds, designing for wildlife, 8:137-50 Ponds, state of, 21:291 Pondweed, Long-stalked, 10:25 Pony, Exmoor, 9:304-13 Pony, native, 14:295, 16:69 Pools, seasonal, 2:22-9 Poplar, Black, 5:313-14, 6:61, 8:1-6 Poplar, Black, conservation of, 21:110-15 Poppy, in Norfolk, 18:147 Poppy, Welsh, Meconopsis cambrica, history, 24:16-20 Porpoise, Harbour, 3:228 Porpoise, Harbour, records around UK, 21:261-7, 21:378 Porpoises, 6:130-1 Port, development, 15:217-8 Porton Down, Classic Wildlife Site, 15:381-90 Ports, and habitats, 16:144 Portuguese Man-of-war, 21:392 Post-industrial landscapes, conservation and greening, 4:273-9 Predation, of Cranes, 23:388 Predators, and man, 8:205-12 Predators, of breeding waders, 21:29-38 Predators, tolerance of, 21:66 Prestige, oil spill, 14:143, 14:220, 14:297, 15:142-3 Princethorpe woodlands, Warwickshire, Reserve Focus, 22:26-30 Private nature reserves, 9:378-83 Protected sites, monitoring, 17:447 Protozoa, 19:316-20 Provenance, importance of local, 13:139-40 Prozac, effect on freshwater mussels, 18:299 Pteridomania, fern-collecting, 17:411-418 Pteridophytes, 23:333-334 Public Forest Estate, sell-off, 22:216-217, 22:293-294 Puffballs, 6:366-76 Puma, feral, and wildlife crime, 18:146 Pumpkinseed fish, threat to salmon, 16:369 Purbeck Mason-wasp – back from the brink? 9:90-3 Purbeck, BAP case study, 15:31-6 Quarries, 3:317, 5:333-4 Quarries, and environmental assessment, 9:265 Quarries, and nature conservation, 18:305-12 Quarries, restoration of, 6:262-3 Quarry, at Roineabhal, Isle of Harris, 17:331-338 Quarry, limestone in Yorkshire Dales, 13:223 Quarrying, and limestone pavement, 15:219-20 Quarrying, Preston-under-Scar, Wenslydale, 10:287 Rabbits, disease of, 6:177-8 Rabies, and bats, 16:444 Radioactivity, and shellfish, 16:295 Radio-tracking, and Water Vole, 16:291 Ragwort, control of, 4:378, 14:451, 15:370, 15:445, 22:447, 23:66 Raheenmore Bog, Ireland, 11:106 Railways, wildlife on tracksides, 11:263-71, 15:374 Rainforest, global conservation and Britain's coastal temperate, 15:97-102 Rainham Marshes, 1:305, 2:61, 2:188, 11:446 Raised bog, lowland, Flanders Moss, 23:100-103 Raised bog, Thorne and Hatfield Moors, 22:322-332 Ramsar Convention, 12:65 Ramsey Island, Pembrokeshire, reserve focus, 17:243-248 Ramsey, 5:94-103, 11:81-4 Ranscombe Farm Reserve, Cuxton, Kent, Reserve Focus, 21:412-5 Raptors, as pests, 8:210-11 Raptors, reintroduction, 14:78-80 Rare Breeds Survival Trust, 6:30 Rare breeds, of farm livestock, and conservation, 6:28-36 Rare plant introductions, 15:174-82 Rare species, recovery and hope, 2:219-29 Rat, Brown, on Canna, 17:142 Ratcliffe, Derek A 1929-2005 (obituary), 16:410-12 Rattle, Yellow, use in grassland diversification, 17:93-98 Raven, in Shropshire, 14:160-6 Raven, range expansion, 19:448 Ravenglass Nature Reserve, gullery, 12:153-62 Ray, John, Cambridge Catalogue of 1660, 23:159-165 Rays and sharks, conservation of, 4:15-25 Recording techniques and distribution maps, 9:213-19 Recording, at Lady Park Wood reserve, 17:7-16 Recording, biodiversity, NBN Gateway, 17:1-5 Recording, web-based natural-history, 21:313-17 Redgrave and Lopham Fen, 1:116 Redshank, breeding on saltmarsh, 9:243 Redstart, Black, 10:443 Redstart, Black, in urban Britain, 11:381-8 Reedbed creation, Lakenheath Fen, 22:381-90 Reedbeds, 4:194 Reedbeds, and Bittern, 20:305-15 Reedbeds, and Bitterns on Minsmere Reserve, 12:8-15 Reedbeds, for warblers, 11:198 Reedbeds, management and creation of, 3:81-91, 7:311-12, 10:233, 21:21 Reed-cutting, 1:374 Reefs, damage by trawling, 13:293 Regional Development Agencies, creation of, 10:362 Reintroductions, are we conserving species at the expense of nature? 14:77-82 Renewable energy, 15:144, 19:292 Renewable energy, marine, 22:70 Reptiles – where to find them, 1:261-5 Reptiles, identification of British, 4:27-31 Reptiles, mitigation, 23:142 Reptiles, reintroductions, 14:81 Reserve Focus, Ashtead Common NNR, Surrey, 7:313-15 Reserve Focus, Askham Bog, North Yorkshire, 13:323-6 Reserve Focus, Bardsey Island, Gwynedd, 3:146-8 Reserve Focus, Beinn Eighe, Wester Ross, Highlands, 1:162-4 Reserve Focus, Benacre to Easton Bavents NNR, Suffolk, 9:40-3 Reserve Focus, Bosherston Lakes, Pembrokeshire, 6:231-4 Reserve Focus, Bradfield Woods, Suffolk, 2:292-4 Reserve Focus, Braunton Burrows National Nature Reserve, Devon, 2:42-4 Reserve Focus, Brownsea Island, Poole Harbour, 7:381-3 Reserve Focus, Cabin Hill NNR, Merseyside, 23:343-347 Reserve Focus, Caenlochan NNR, Angus, 11:427-9 Reserve Focus, Carmel NNR, Carmarthenshire, 22:258-262 Reserve Focus, Chartley Moss NNR, Staffordshire, 10:41-3 Reserve Focus, Classic site, Lizard Peninsula, 3:92-105 Reserve Focus, Classic site, Malham Tarn NNR, 13:29-37 Reserve Focus, Classic site, Mar Lodge Estate, Cairngorms, 16:86-94 Reserve Focus, Classic site, Nob End, Bolton, 10:13-17 Reserve Focus, Classic site, Parsonage Moor & Cothill Fen, Oxon, 22:398-407 Reserve Focus, Classic site, Pembrokeshire Islands, 5:94-103 Reserve Focus, Classic site, Porton Down, 15:381-90 Reserve Focus, Classic site, Sefton Coast, Merseyside, 12:28-36 Reserve Focus, Classic site, Sherwood Forest NNR, Nottingham, 23:409-418 Reserve Focus, Classic site, Somerset Levels, 3:350-65 Reserve Focus, Classic site, South Gower Coast, 20:107-115 Reserve Focus, Classic site, St Kilda, Western Isles, 15:339-48 Reserve Focus, Classic site, The Burren, 4:96-107 Reserve Focus, Classic site, Wicken Fen NNR, 6:5-13 Reserve Focus, Clattinger Farm Reserve, Wiltshire, 12:418-21 Reserve Focus, Cley and Salthouse Marshes, Norfolk, 1:96-8 Reserve Focus, Cors Erddreiniog and other Anglesey fens, 10:334-7 Reserve Focus, Cors Fochno (Borth Bog), West Wales, 14:195-8 Reserve Focus, Crom Estate, Ulster, 4:177-9 Reserve Focus, Crymlyn Bog NNR, Glamorgan, 12:22-7 Reserve Focus, Cuckmere Haven, Seven Sisters Park, E Sussex, 2:230-2 Reserve Focus, Dawlish Warren LNR, Devon, 3:266-9 Reserve Focus, Derbyshire Dales National Nature Reserve, 1:347-9 Reserve Focus, Dowrog Common, Pembrokeshire, 9:86-9 Reserve Focus, Dunkery and Horner Wood NNR, West Somerset, 9:245-7 Reserve Focus, East Dartmoor Woods and Heaths NNR, Devon, 11:199-202 Reserve Focus, Elan Estate, Powys, 4:381-4 Reserve Focus, Farlington Marshes NNR, Hampshire, 24:38-42 Reserve Focus, Farne Islands, Northumberland, 5:244-7 Reserve Focus, Flanders Moss NNR, Stirlingshire, 23:100-103 Reserve Focus, Gait Barrows NNR, Cumbria, 2:359-61 Reserve Focus, Gibraltar Point NNR, Lincolnshire, 7:177-9 Reserve Focus, Grey Mare's Tail, South Scotland, 15:20-4 Reserve Focus, Greywell Moors, Hampshire, 19:411-14 Reserve Focus, Hatfield Forest, Essex, 4:42-4 Reserve Focus, Havergate Island NNR, Suffolk, 14:101-5 Reserve Focus, Holt Heath, Dorset, 3:34-6 Reserve Focus, Insh Marshes, Speyside, 5:41-3 Reserve Focus, Isle of May NNR, Fife, 22:87-91 Reserve Focus, Isle of Noss, Shetland, 1:289-91 Reserve Focus, Kingcombe Meadows, Dorset, 20:12-16 Reserve Focus, Loch of Strathbeg, Aberdeenshire, 8:109-11 Reserve Focus, Lower Derwent Valley, Yorkshire, 5:381-3 Reserve Focus, Martin Down, Hampshire, 1:41-3 Reserve Focus, Newborough Warren NNR, Anglesey, 6:109-11 Reserve Focus, North Meadow, Cricklade, Wiltshire, 1:216-18 Reserve Focus, Ouse Washes, Cambridgeshire, 13:267-70 Reserve Focus, Pass of Ryvoan, Cairngorms, 7:41-3 Reserve Focus, Princethorpe woodlands, Warwickshire, 22:26-30 Reserve Focus, Ramsey Island, Pembrokeshire, 17:243-248 Reserve Focus, Ranscombe Farm Reserve, Cuxton, Kent, 21:412-5 Reserve Focus, Rhos Llawr Cwrt NNR, Ceredigion, 13:171-6 Reserve Focus, Roudsea Wood and Mosses NNR, Cumbria, 8:245-7 Reserve Focus, Rye Harbour NR, East Sussex, 11:123-5 Reserve Focus, St Cyrus NNR, Grampian, 3:337-9 Reserve Focus, Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland, 7:98-109 Reserve Focus, Thompson Common, Norfolk, 15:240-3 Reserve Focus, Thorne Moors NNR, South Yorkshire, 2:164-6 Reserve Focus, Thursley NNR, Surrey, 5:166-8 Reserve Focus, Upper Teesdale NNR, 3:230-2 Reserve Focus, Wetland Centre, London, 11:274-7 Reserve Focus, Wye NNR, Kent, 6:312-4 Reserve Focus, Wyre Forest NNR, Hereford & Worcester, 4:246-8 Reserve Focus, Ynys-hir, Dyfed, 2:103-5 Restoration of gravel pits for wildlife, 2:80-8 Re-wilding Britain, 4-15(S), 48-9(S), 56-8(S) Re-wilding Britain, obstacles to 'wild' wildlife management, 50-5(S) Rhododendron, eradicating, 15:9, 22:167-168, 23:325 Rhos Llawr Cwrt NNR, Ceredigion, 13:171-6 Right to Roam, 10:290 Ring Ouzels, in Cairngorms, 20:394-5 Riparian woods, 12:47 River and wetland rehabilitation in the Thames catchment, 8:362-72 River Basin Management Plans, 21:221 River Cole River Restoration Project, Wiltshire, 8:371-2 River Jelly Lichen, and the UK BAP, 15:314-8 River Misbourne, ecological recovery after low flows, 18:335-46 River pollution, Eye Brook, 18:242-6 River Restoration Centre (RRC), 10:114 River, debris-clearance, 9:129, 9:196 River, improvement of, 13:144 River, quality, 13:448, 15:71-2 River, restoration, 4:196, 8:128, 10:233, 16:372 River, urban, ecology of, 3:129-36 Riverbanks, erosion and fencing, 15:166 Riverbanks, fencing and biodiversity, 21:326-32, 21:454-5 (letters) Riverfly Interest Group, 15:218 Rivers, access, 17:448 Rivers, and agriculture, 22:143-144 Rivers, and phosphates, 21:372 Rivers, chalk, conservation and management, 11:48 Rivers, classification, 1:20-36 Rivers, EA survey of, 9:403 Rivers, flow and quality, 5:199-200, 7:60-1, 8:197, 23:68 Rivers, lakes and inshore waters, quality of, 21:69 Rivers, management, 14:296 Rivers, Scotland, 15:72 Rivers, state of, 23:449 Rivers, study of Welsh, 23:373 Rivers, urban river restoration, 22:397 Rivers, vegetation, 1:20-36, 1:130-43 RMNC, Marine Nature Conservation, Review of, 16:67 Road building, 4:263, 4:405, 5:64-5, 5:133-4, 5:202-3, 5:268, 5:403, 15:295, 15:448 Road casualties, wildlife, 5:214-21 Road-building, 24:219 Roads to Ruin report, 1:109-10 Roads, and biodiversity, 13:374 Roads, and bird deaths, 8:229-32 Roadside verges, and wildlife, 9:244 Robber fly Dysmachus trigonus, 2:89 Robin, 13:95-100 Rodenticides, and birds of prey, 14:295 Rodenticides, as a threat to wildlife, 11:192-7, 11:371 Roineabhal, Isle of Harris, 17:331-338 Rose bedeguar, 24:31-37 Roudsea Wood and Mosses NNR, Cumbria, 8:245-7 Roy, D B, Database of British Insects and their Foodplants, 20:17-25 RSPB Lakenheath Fen reserve, 22:381-90 RSPB, 23:446 Rural agency, development of new, 15:444 Rural Delivery Review, 14:217 Rural Development Plan, 2007-2013, proposals, 17:293 Rural Development Plan, Scotland, 19:145 Rural Development Plans, 11:448 Rural Development Programmes, funding, 18:144 Rural development, 10:188 Rural Development, funding withdrawn, 17:214 Rural development, Scotland, 14:218 Rural Economy and Land Use (RELU) conference 2009, 21:290 Rural Economy and Land Use Programme (RELU), 24:145 Rural policy review, England, Haskins Report, 15:138-9 Rural reforms, England, 14:447 Rural Scotland, report, 19:144 Rural Stewardship Scheme, Scotland, 14:67, 14:293 Rural Strategy 2004, 15:444 Rural White Paper for England, 12:146, 12:220 Rush, Flowering, 10:25 Rye Harbour NR, East Sussex, 11:123-5 SAC, Irish, 24:190 SACs, 12:64 Salisbury Plain Training Area, bird communities, 13:344-50 Salisbury Plain Training Area, habitat and species, 13:335-42 Salmon, 1:249-60 Salmon, and algal bloom, 13:72 Salmon, Atlantic, 8:128 Salmon, Atlantic, and fishing, 16:217 Salmon, Atlantic, in decline, 9:404, 12:443-4 Salmon, Atlantic, in River Exe, 15:370 Salmon, farming, 6:62, 6:128, 6:335, 8:60, 15:217, 15:372, 24:68 Salmon, farming, in Scotland, 12:394-401 Salmonids, threats to native species, 1:249-60 Saltmarsh Goosefoot (letter), 22:74-75 Saltmarsh, 15:10-19 Saltmarsh, grazing domestic animals on, 15:392-400 Saltmarsh, management for Redshank, 9:243 Samphire Hoe, Dover, 10:165 Sand dune, biodiversity of, 23:104-109 Sand-dune biodiversity, Birkdale Green Beach, 19:11-16 Sand-dunes, Sefton Coast, Merseyside, 12:28-36 Sand-eel, ban on fishing, 15:218, 15:444 Sand-eel, decline, 15:71 Sand-eel, fisheries, 14:220 Sand-eels, 6:130, 6:200 Saunders, David, History of Orielton Decoy, 20:37-43 Save the Bogs Campaign, 14:147 Savernake Tunnel, and hibernating bats, 14:234-40 Sawflies, and fleshy fruits, 16:100 Scallop-dredging, damage to reefs, 17:446, 18:68, 20:372 Scarborough Snail, and semi-natural woodland, 22:176-183 Scotland, biodiversity strategy, 15:374 Scotland, conserving species, 17:295 Scotland, forests, 15:220 Scotland, landscape decline, 15:220 Scotland, marine environment management, 15:372 Scotland, Nature Conservation Bill, 15:374 Scotland, Rural Development Plan, 19:145 Scotland, wildlife protection, 14:372, 14:373 Scott, Sir Peter, 1:58 Scottish Forestry Strategy, 17:294, 18:146 Scottish Land Commission, 6:331 Scottish land reform, 10:135, 11:67 Scottish mountains, insects of, 6:160-7 Scottish Natural Heritage, 2:58, 2:190, 3:214-21, 3:316, 4:336, 6:398, 7:196, 8:84-5, 8:129, 8:264 Scottish SSSIs, review of, 10:133-5 Scottish wildlife bill, 21:448 Scottish wildlife law reform, 12:442, 12:295 Scrub clearance, 24:96 Scrub ecology and conservation, 8:28-36 Scrub management, and Scrubnet, 16:408 Scrub management, on green lanes, 21:401 Scrub, montane, Scotland, 16:318-19 Scrubnet, scrub management, 16:408 SEA (strategic environmental assessments), guidance, 14:144 Sea cliff slopes and combes, management of, 10:394-402 Sea defences, 10:138 Sea Empress conference, 9:330-1 Sea Empress, oil spillage, 9:266-7, 10:216, 11:296, 12:68 Sea fish, stocks, 21:221 Sea Fisheries Policy, Wales, 15:142 Sea level change and estuaries, 6:168-76 Seabird 2000, results, 15:370 Seabirds, breeding declines, 16:144, 16:216, 17:66, 19:446-7 Seabirds, starvation, 17:216 Sea-buckthorn, 16:13-14 Seahorse, Spiny, 16:51 Seahorses, 23:89 Seal, 13:71 Seal, Elephant, 9:101 Seal, virus, 13:450, 14:67 Sea-level rise, implications for people and wildlife, 21:170-6 Sealochs, Scottish, marine life, 3:22-33 Seals Grey, in West Wales, 5:341-8 Seals, and salmon fisheries, 14:66 Seals, in Norfolk, 19:305-14 SEAs, environmental assessment, 16:66-67 SEAs, windfarms, 16:67 Seasearch project, 19:69 Seasonal pools, 2:22-9 Seaweed farming, 23:372 Sedge, Brown-beak, conservation of, 6:310 Sedge, Curved, 18:138-9 Sedge, Starved Wood-sedge, conservation of, 4:299-300 Sedges, on raised bogs, 11:103 Seed Bank Project, 9:273-7 Seed banks, and heathland restoration, 10:115 Seed, buying trees and tree seed, 15:296 Seed, for grassland restoration, 12:229-35 Seed, harvesting, 9:244, 13:244-5 Seed, native, 11:450-1 Seed, provenance, 11:331 Seed, tree, 15:371 Seedbombs, 22:447 Sefton Coast, 12:28-36, 19:11-16 Sefton Coast, Cabin Hill NNR, 23:343-347 SEPA Habitat Enhancement, 17:323 Service Tree, 6:14-22 Service Tree, Fontainbleau, 6:20 Service Tree, True, 6:20 Service Tree, Wild, 2:94-8, 6:20 Set aside, replacement of, 20:448 Set-aside, 1:175, 4:60-1, 4:127-8, 5:128, 6:196, 6:214-23, 15:140, 19:294-5 Set-aside, abolition of compulsory, 20:297 Set-aside, management, problems of, 3:329-36 Set-aside, pilot scheme, 1:175 Set-aside, review, 19:375 Set-aside, scrapped, 18:368-9, 18:446-7 Set-aside, use by breeding and wintering birds, 6:214-23 Severn barrage, 19:67, 19:223, 20:296, 21:293, 23:143 Severn barrage, refused, 22:143 Shad, Allis, conservation and ecology, 11:159-66 Shad, Twaite, conservation and ecology, 11:159-66 Shale gas, extraction, 22:220 Shark, Basking, 1:121-9, 4:22, 11:226 Shark, Blue, 4:21-2 Shark, Porbeagle, 4:22 Sharks and rays, conservation of, 4:15-25 Sheep and Wildlife Enhancement Scheme, SWES, 16:66 Sheep, Norfolk Horn, 6:31 Sheep, use of flying flocks for conservation grazing, 22:14-15 Sheep-dip, possible ban on use, 16:446-7 Shellfish, 11:70 Shellfish, and radioactivity, 16:295 Shellfish, farming, 7:404 Shellfish, regulations, 8:403 Sherborne Water Meadows, Gloucestershire, 8:370-1 Sherwood Forest NNR, Nottingham, Classic Wildlife Site, 23:409-418 Shetland Islands, and Otters, 21:229-34 Shetland seabirds, 1:371 Shieldbugs, and fleshy fruits, 16:97 Shield-fern, Hard, 1:353 Shield-fern, Soft, 1:353 Shingle vegetation, at Dungeness, 8:219-27 Shingle vegetation, restoration of, 15:238 Shooting, and biodiversity, 14:294 Shooting, and conservation, 13:446 Shrew, Common, 1:285-7, 9:95 Shrew, Lesser White-toothed, 1:286-7, 9:94-9 Shrew, Pygmy, 1:285-7, 9:95 Shrew, Scilly, 9:94-9 Shrew, Water, 1:285-7, 9:95, 14:174-5, 22:162 Shrew, Water, survey of, 15:370 Shrimp, Dikerogammarus haemobaphes, 24:143 Shrimp, Fairy, 2:22-3 Shrimp, Killer (Dikerogammarus villosus), 22:408-12 Shrimp, Tadpole, ecology and conservation, 22:334-341 Shropshire Raven Study Group, 14:160-6 Signal Crayfish, 10:365 Silent Invasions, the natural history of chalk pits, 16:19-28 Skate, Common, 4:20-1 Skiing, 7:331, 7:332 Skiing, developments in Scotland, 9:59 Skipper Newson of Grimsby, 'Sturgeon Hunter', 21:416-9 Skipper, Chequered, in Scotland, 2:269-75 Skokholm, 11:80-83 Skomer, 5:94-103, 11:79-84 Skylark, plots in arable fields, 17:19, 22:320 Skylarks, and set-aside, 6:220 Slime moulds, 7:236-42 Slime moulds, in gardens, 21:397 Slow Worm, 1:261-5 Slug, behaviour, 24:9 Slug, Kerry, 21:333 Slug, Spanish, Arion vulgaris, 23:450 Small Fleabane, 22:342-347 Smelt, status, ecology and conservation of in British Isles, 15:330-8 Smith, R M, Database of British Insects and their Foodplants, 20:17-25 Snail, behaviour, 24:9 Snail, Desmoulin's Whorl, 17:450 Snail, Glutinous, 8:157 Snail, Mud Pond, 8:157 Snail, Roman, 17:141-142 Snail, Scarborough, and semi-natural woodland, 22:176-183 Snail, Thames Ramshorn, 8:157 Snail, water, Anisus vorticulus, 10:412-418 Snake, Grass, 1:261-5, 4:30 Snake, Grass, long-term study of, 15:325 Snake, Smooth, 1:261-5, 4:30 Snake, Smooth, long-term study of, 15:319-27, 15:324-5 SNH, 18:143 SNH, relocation, 15:220, 18:218 Snowdon, tourism threats, 9:132 Snowdonia National Park, 14:403-12 Snowdonia, and Silver-studded Blue butterfly, 11:93-9 Snowdrop, phenology, 24:266-267 Social wasps, identification, 5:304-11 Society for the Environment (SocEnv), 16:70 Soft cliffs, importance for invertebrates, 14:323-31 Soil inversion, 20:321-2 Soil protection, EU strategy, 18:219, 21:68 Soil, degradation, 15:369, 21:292, 23:295 Soil, restoration for biodiversity, 21:216 Solar farms, 21:372, 22:142-143 Solent, 6:170-2, 6:174-5 Somerset Levels, 2:380, 3:350-65, 4:64 Somerset Levels, compulsory purchase order, 1:249 Somerset Moors, 12:445 Songbirds, protection of, 18:68 Songs of bush-crickets and grasshoppers, 11:319-23 Sound Archive, British Library, 14:312 South Downs National Park, 14:375, 23:77-88 South Downs, conservation versus the super subsidies, 8:330-2 South Gower Coast SSSI: Classic Wildlife Site, 20: 107-115 South Gower, hedgerows and the historic landscape, 17:260-269 Southern limestone grasslands, management of, 5:73-82 Sparrow, House, current status, 10:381-6 Sparrowhawk, predation, 7:111 SPAs, for birds, 14:7-14 SPAs, marine, 14:13-14 SPAs, monitoring, 18:1-9 Spearwort, Adder's-tongue, 16:305-12 Special Areas of Conservation, proposed list (1995), 6:286-96, 6:333 Species Recovery Trust, 23:370 Sphagnum mosses, on raised bogs, 11:103 Sphagnum, identification, 7:9-17 Spider Orchid, Early, 10:165 Spider, conserving communities, 13:140 Spider, Daddy-long-legs, 16:385 Spider, Ladybird, history, ecology and conservation, 20:153-159 Spiders, large house, 23:34-41 Spiders, recording Britain's, 13:191-7 Spindle, and scale insects and ladybirds, 19:193-6 Spiny Seahorse, 16:51 Springtails, 12:402-10 Squirrel pox, 18:372 Squirrel, black, 10:102, 20:44-45 Squirrel, Grey, culls, 18:67 Squirrel, Grey, impact on birds and other wildlife, 15:183-91 Squirrel, Red, 5:240-1, 10:137-8, 17:141 Squirrel, Red, in Jersey, 4:69-72 Squirrel, Red, management for, 5:240-1 Squirrel, Red, strongholds, 16:444 SSSI, targets, 19:296-7 SSSIs, 4:263-4, 6:103 SSSIs, and access, 17:297 SSSIs, and CRoW Act, 12:240-1 SSSIs, assessment of the state of England's SSSIs, 15:168-73 SSSIs, canal, 23:315 SSSIs, Code of Guidance, 12:63-4 SSSIs, condition assessment and targets, 22:16-25, 22:151 (letter), 22:223-224 (letter) SSSIs, condition of in England, 15:144, 17:296 SSSIs, damage to, 8:330-2, 9:127, 9:128 SSSIs, designation of ancient trees, 12:164-6 SSSIs, EFRA Committee review of status of, 15:293-4 SSSIs, geological, 22:20-22 SSSIs, grassland, 22:18-20 SSSIs, in Wales, 18:294 SSSIs, management of, 10:440 SSSIs, monitoring, 9:128, 18:1-9 SSSIs, NE's role in improving, 20:450-1 SSSIs, protection of, 10:215-16 SSSIs, review of English, 20:298 SSSIs, review of Scottish, 10:133-5, 10:363-4, 21:221 SSSIs, review of, 10:62-3 SSSIs, status available online, 15:220 SSSIs, threats to, 6:129 SSSIs, Welsh, state of, 15:371 SSSIs, woodland, 22:20 St Cyrus NNR, Grampian, 3:337-9 St Kilda, Western Isles, 15:339-48, 19:392 Stag-hunting, ban, 8:400 Stansted Airport expansion, 20:143 Starfruit, conservation of, 4:301-2 State of the countryside 2005, 17:67 State of the Natural Environment, report, 19:371 Stinging nettle butterflies, 2:325-34 Stinkhorns, 6:366-76 Stoat, 2:168 Stoats, and weasels, 13:419-26 Stonecrop, Australian Swamp, 6:311 Stone-curlew, 13:341 Stone-curlew, conservation and access, 19:3 Stonehenge, tunnel, 17:296 Stoneworts, 8:92-9 Stoneworts, Plantlife report on, 15:371 Strangford Lough, Horse Mussel, 16:144 Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland, 1:118, 7:98-109 Strategic Environmental Assessment, 16:370-1 Stubble-burning, 24:67 Sturgeon, Skipper Newson of Grimsby, 'Sturgeon Hunter', 21:416-9 Sudden Oak Disease, (SOD) 13:374, 15:296 Sulphurwort, 6:149 Sunbleak, and Topmouth Gudgeon in Britain, 15:77-83 Sundew, Oblong-leaved, 13:327 Sundews, 13:331-3 Superquarry, Roineabhal, 17:331-338 Surveys, invertebrate sites, 4:283-6 Sustainability, and building, 16:292-3 Sustainability, and communities, 16:292-3 Sustainable Development in Rural Areas, 15:70 Sustainable development, 8:335, 10:362-3, 11:294, 11:372, 11:446-7, 15:295, 15:373, 17:143 Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS), 24:168 Sustainable farming, 13:219 Sustainable habitat management (RSPB booklet), 20:26 Sustainable Regional Development, 10:286-7 Sutton Park NNR, 10:69-75 Swansea Bay, beach-cleaning survey, 7:147-55 SWES, Sheep and Wildlife Enhancement Scheme, 16:66 Swift, breeding inventory, 21:319 Swift, decline, 20:141 Swollen Spire Shell, 8:158 Sycamore, 16:184-8 Symbiosis, 18:253 Tachystola acroxantha (micro-moth), 24:179-182 Tadpole shrimp, 2:23, 22:334-341 Tardigrades, 19:393-8 Tegenaria species, 23:34-41 Temperate rainforest, coastal, 15:97-102 Tern, Little, colony on Long Nanny, Northumberland, 22:100-116 Tern, Little, shelters, 8:173, 9:314-15 Tern, rafts, 17:172, 17:323 Thames Basin Heaths, development near, 18:295 Thames catchment, river and wetland rehabilitation, 8:362-72 Thames Gateway port development, 14:66 Thames Marshes, under threat, 9:199-200 The Brenne, France, 14:252-9 The Lizard, use of temporary fencing, 20:27 The Migration Atlas, 14:313-19 The Natural Choice, White Paper on Natural Environment, 22:413-17, 22:444-5, 23:1-6 Therfield Heath, Herts, and Chalkhill Blue, 14:180-5 Thompson Common, Norfolk, Reserve Focus, 15:240-3 Thorne and Hatfield Moors, 1:369 Thorne and Hatfield Moors, and Invertebrates (letters), 23:73-4 Thorne and Hatfield Moors, restoration, 22:322-332 Thorne Moors NNR, South Yorkshire, 2:164-6 Thrush, Song, 16:313 Thursley Common NNR, Surrey, 5:166-8, 18:330-1 Thyridanthrax fenestratus, 8:178 Ticks, 20:258-266 Ticks, and diseases, 20:265-266 Ticks, and Lyme Disease, 4:280-2, 10:442, 20:265-267 Tir Gofal, Wales agri-environment scheme, 17:68 Tiree, 3:340-9 Tit, Bearded, 24:254 Tit, Bearded, nestboxes, 9:38-9 Tit, Long-tailed, 23:391 Tit, Willow, nests for, 17:257-258 Titchwell Marsh reserve, inundation threat, 20:69 Tits, Bearded, management for, 17:100 Toad, African Clawed, 1:160 Toad, Common, 1:157-8, 14:260-9 Toad, Common, in Epping Forest ponds, 20: 171-176 Toad, Midwife, 1:158 Toad, Natterjack, 1:117, 1:158, 2:174-5, 3:137-45, 8:304-5, 9:1-6, 13:161-70, 14:260-9, 14:322 Toad, Natterjack, at Ainsdale NNR, 13:161-70 Toad, Natterjack, on dune systems, 8:304-5 Toads and frogs, ecological genetics, conservation and extinction, 8:341-7 Tooth-fungi, and their conservation, 11:401-9 Topmouth Gudgeon, and Sunbleak in Britain, 15:77-83 Torbay limestones, and flora, 18:184-93 Tor-grass, control of, 11:47 Tracks and signs of the weasel family, 2:167-71 Trade, in British wildlife, 8:69-80 Translocation of species, 8:264 Transylvania, grassland management, 21:339-44 Tree aphids – natural history and conservation, 9:154-63 Tree, Celtic Maple or Scots Pine, 16:184-8 Tree, Chequer, 6:20 Tree, Large-Leaved Lime, 12:86-90 Tree, Service, 6:14-22 Tree, Sycamore, 16:184-8 Tree, Wild Pear, 11:313-18 Tree-planting, pros and cons, 24:162-166, 24:301-303 Trees and shrubs, importance for wildlife, 18:18-28 Trees, biological control of, 12:123 Trees, decline in cities, 18:373 Trees, establishing newly planted, 13:217-8 Trees, hazard management of, 12:317 Trees, millennium inventory, 13:146 Trees, non-native species in Warwickshire, 24:21-30 Trees, open-grown, 21:334-8 Trees, planting native species, 9:400 Trees, veteran, 24:22-29 Trossachs National Park, and Loch Lomond, 14:340-8 Trout, 1:249-60 Trout, Marbled, 12:115-16 Trout, Sea, 12:119-21 Trout, wild, their variety and conservation, 12:114-21 Tudeley Woods Reserve, heathland restoration, 16:328 Tuna, Bluefin, 21:368 Turf-cutting, effects of, 18:169 Turf-stripping, 4:312 Turloughs, Ireland's vanishing lakes, 19:109-17 Turtle, Green, 9:69-78, 9:102 Turtle, Hawksbill, 9:69-78 Turtle, Kemp's Ridley, 9:69-78 Turtle, Leatherback, 9:69-78, 20:140 Turtle, Loggerhead, 9:69-78 Twenty Acres Meadow, Dunbartonshire, 18:106-9 Twyford Down, 1: 242, 2:125 Tycanol NNR, Pembrokeshire, 18:35-43 Uist Wader Project, 14:67-8 Uist, hedgehog cull, 14:67-8, 14:221, 15:446, 24:111-116 UK Agriculture and Biodiversity Commission, 15:140 UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) review, 12:293, 12:373-4 UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP), 5:198-9, 13:141, 19:142 UK Biodiversity Indicators, review of, 23:451 UK National Ecosystem Assessment, 22:445 UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs), 24:291 UK Phenology Network (Nature's Calendar), 20:247-249 UK Phenology Network (UKPN), 14:229-32, 17:237-241, 18:236-9 UK Phenology Network 2007 results, 19:260-5 UK Phenology Network 2010, 22:254-257 UK Phenology Network, 2003 results, 15:245-50 UK Phenology Network, 2004 results, 16:251-6 UK Plant Diversity Challenge, 14:295 UK Raptor Working Group, 16:291 Ultrasound detectors, for bush-crickets and grasshoppers, 11:319-23 Upland birds and their conservation, 2:1-12 Upland hay meadows, North Pennines, 21:184-92, 301-2, 21:377-8 (letter) Upland heath, restoring, 24:95 Upland management, 12:423 Upland Vision, review of, 24:67 Upland wader populations, 22:298 Uplands Policy Review, 22:373 Uplands Stewardship, 20:217 Uplands, and climate change, 20:69 Uplands, and fencing, 20:69-70 Uplands, and grazing, 8:199, 10:438, 24:293 Uplands, effects of burning on wildlife of, 15:251-7 Uplands, farming, 24:293-294 Uplands, future of, 20:68, 22:217-218 Uplands, Moor House NNR, North Pennines, 20:1-10 Uplands, nature conservation and pastoral farming in, 4:367-76 Uplands, Welsh, 14:403-12, 15:291 Upper Teesdale NNR, 3:230-2 Upper Teesdale, assemblage of rare plant species, 23:392-401 Urban biodiversity, 17:446 Urban development, and heathlands in SE Dorset, 11:229-37 Urban gardens, and wildlife, 18:171-7 Urban Green Spaces Taskforce, 13:373-4 Urban greenspace, standards for, 17:69 Urban river, ecology of, 3:129-36 Urban Rivers Restoration Guidelines, 22:397 Urban White Paper, 12:217 Urbanisation, and conservation issues, 13:1-8 Urbanisation, effects on ancient woodlands, 8:213-18 Valley fen habitats, Parsonage Moor and Cothill Fen, 22:398-407 Vascular Plant Red Data List, 16:369 Vascular plants as indicators of ancient woodland, 10:241-51, 11:153-8 Vascular plants, and dung, 11:32-3 Vascular plants, of Scotland's basalt outcrops, 23:168-178 Venus Flytrap, 13:329 Vera, Frans, 2(S), 5-12(S), 27(S), 63(S), 164 Vera, Frans, Large-scale nature development - the Oostvaardersplassen, 28-36(S) Verges, roadside, planting of, 15:292 Verpa conica, 10:181 Villa cingulata, 8:178 Villa modesta, 8:178 Villa venusta, 8:178 VINE, values in nature and environment, 18:88-95; 18:146 Violet Sea Snail, 18:211-12 Viper's-bugloss, Purple, 10:166-71 Visitors, on nature reserves, 2:206-13 Vixen Tor, Dartmoor, 16:367 Vole, Bank, 1:286-7, 20:330-4 Vole, Field, 1:286-7, 20:330-4 Vole, Field, and grazing management, 18:17 Vole, Field, colonisation of new grasslands, 12:272 Vole, Guernsey, 1:286-7 Vole, Orkney, 1:286-7 Vole, Skomer, 11:79 Vole, Water, 1:287-8, 1:315-16, 9:336-7, 17:142, 19:296, 20:330-4 Vole, Water, and development, 12:167-72 Vole, Water, and radio-tracking, 16:291 Vole, Water, damage to habitat of, 14:145, 14:321 Vole, Water, ecology, 5:296-303 Vole, Water, in Highlands, 13:255-7 Vole, Water, survey in the Fens, 18:259-66 Voles, identifying by field signs, 20:330-4 Volucella hoverflies, Identification, 17:249-256 Waders, breeding, on lowland wet grassland, 6:89-98, 17:398 Waders, effects of flooding of grassland on food supply, 12:179-87 Waders, predation of breeding, 21:29-38 Waders, protecting from hedgehogs, 14:15 Waders, upland, populations, 22:298 Wagtail, Yellow, status and ecology, 14:270-4 Wales Biodiversity Framework, 18:143 Wales, Agri-environment scheme, 10:135-6, 16:219 Wales, and CCW, 2:127, 2:321, 3:214-21, 6:398, 7:128, 8:84, 10:213-14, 10:285-6, 12:327 Wales, conservation in, 6:331 Wales, farming strategy, 19:65-6 Wales, Green Shoots, 16:151 Wales, Habitat Survey of, 16:153-62 Wales, new environment body, 23:375, 24:70 Wales, Phase 1 intertidal mapping survey of, 20:335-45 Wales, protection of SSSIs, 9:61-2 Wales, rejuvenating dune systems, 24:85-94 Wales, review of National Parks, 15:293 Wales, state of SSSIs, 15:371 Wales, wildlife crime, 16:142 Wallaby, Bennett's, 24:169-178 Wallaby, feral, in Peak District, 24:169-178 Walshaw Moor, south Pennines, 24:145 Warbler, Grasshopper, 4:364-6 Warndon Project, 12:389-93 Wash, and Eiders, 18:66 Wasp, Common, 5:311 Wasp, Cuckoo, 5:310 Wasp, German, 5:311 Wasp, Median, 5:309 Wasp, Norwegian, 5:309-10 Wasp, Red, 5:311 Wasp, Saxon, 5:310 Wasp, Tree, 5:310 Wasps and solitary bees, habitat for, 16:408 Wasps, 21:10 Wasps, Chalcid, and fleshy fruits, 16:100 Wasps, gall, 24:31-37 Wasps, social, identification, 5:304-11 Water abstraction, 8:59-60, 8:127, 9:262, 9:334-5, 9:493, 10:61, 10:288, 10:367, 12:66, 12:374, 14:296 Water Bill, 12:147 Water Framework Directive (WDF), 12:66, 13:447, 16:447, 17:144 Water Framework Directive, Scotland, 16:372 Water industry review, 15:71 Water industry, and sustainability, 17:144 Water levels, and drawdown zones, 16:395-402 Water Management Plans, 19:375 Water meadows 11:13-14 Water meadows and chalk streams, impact of low flows on, 4:4-14 Water meadows, history and conservation, 10:82-8 Water pollution, 3:382, 8:95-7, 10:367 Water privatisation, 1:51 Water snail, Anisus vorticulus, 10:412-18 Water, and planning, 20:70 Water, conservation, 12:294 Water, European Water Framework Directive, 22:143-144 Water, flooding, 12:146-7 Water, globalisation of authorities, 13:297 Water, managing rainwater, 12:142-3 Water, policy in England, 14:145 Water, quality, 7:266, 13:447 Water, resources, 8:336-7, 8:398-9, 12:444, 18:145, 20:447 Water, shortage, 9:129, 17:68-9 Waterbirds, climate change and wildlife conservation, 20:250-256 Water-dropwort, Corky-fruited, 6:149 Water-dropwort, Fine-leaved, 6:150 Water-dropwort, Hemlock, 6:150 Water-dropwort, Narrow-leaved, 6:149 Water-dropwort, Parsley, 6:149-50 Water-dropwort, River, 6:150 Water-dropwort, Tubular, 6:149 Waterfowl, and recreational disturbance on inland waters, 4:221-9 Water-plantain, Floating, 9:298-303 Waterways, inland, 12:294 Waterweed, Nuttall's, 10:25 Waxcap grassland, conservation of, 16:31-43 Waxcaps, 9:164-72 Wayside and Woodland books, the first field guides, 13:44-9 Weasel, 2:168 Weasels, and stoats, 13:419-26 Weather, long-term recording, 21:236-9 Weeds, arable, 3:149-61 Weevils, and fleshy fruits, 16:101 Welsh Assembly, and conservation, 11:145, 15:220-221 Welsh Assembly, and Upland Forum, 16:219 Welsh National Parks, 16:69 Welsh uplands, past, present and future, 14:403-12, 15:291 West Africa, people, policy and migratory birds, 15:258-64 West Nile Fever, and wetlands, 16:333-4 West Nile Virus, and birds, 14:147 West Thurrock Marshes, threat to, 18:296, 20:67, 20:299 Westhay Heath, and wildfowling, 16:292 Wet grassland, and management of Soft Rush, 16:248-9 Wetland and river rehabilitation in the Thames catchment, 8:362-72 Wetland Centre, London, 11:274-7 Wetland creation, Lakenheath Fen, 22:381-90 Wetland invertebrates, of Ireland, 12:256-63 Wetland Vision, restoring wetlands, 21:68 Wetland, and abstraction, 8:127-8 Wetland, composting arisings, 18:404-5 Wetland, monitoring sites, 22:321 Wetland, research, 10:289-90 Wetland, restoration, 11:332 Wetland, restoration, by Parks Trust, Milton Keynes, 22:92-93 Wetlands, and health issues, 16:332-8 Wetlands, management for small mammals, 14:171-9 Whale, Fin, 3:228 Whale, Humpback, 3:228 Whale, Killer, 3:228, 14:106-8 Whale, Minke, 3:228 Whale, Northern Bottlenose, 3:226 Whale, Northern Bottlenose, Skye, 10:89-91 Whale, Pilot, 3:228 Whale, Sperm, 3:228 Whales, and sea fishing, 15:445 Whales, around Ireland, 20:30-36 Whales, threats, research and conservation, 2:197-205 Whale-watching, 9:291-7, 15:372 Whaling, 13:72 Whernside SSSI, North Yorkshire, 9:401, 10:438 Whimbrel, breeding, 5:39 Whirligig beetles, 20:28-35 Whirligig, Bronze, 20:30-35 Whirligig, Caspian, 20:30-35 Whirligig, Common, 20:30-35 Whirligig, Distinguished, 20:30-35 Whirligig, Hairy, or Nocturnal, 20:30-35 Whirligig, Highland, 20:30-35 Whirligig, Little, 20:30-35 Whirligig, Long, 20:30-35 Whirligig, Mariner, 20:30-35 Whirligig, Shady, 20:30-35 Whirligig, Suffrian's, 20:30-35 Whirligig, The Artist, 20:30-35 White Paper on the Natural Environment 2011, review of, 22:413-17, 22:444-5, 23:1-6 Whitebeam, Bristol, 6:20 Whitebeam, Broad-leaved, 6:20 Whitebeam, Devon, 6:20 Whitebeam, Narrow-leaved, 6:20 Whitebeam, Orange-berried, 6:20 Whitebeam, Sharp-toothed, 6:20 Whitebeam, Slender, 6:20 Whitebeam, Swedish, 6:20 Whitebeam, Wye, 6:20 Whiting, Blue, threats to from fishing, 15:445 Wicken Fen NNR, 6:5-13 Wicken Fen, ditch management for wildlife, 10:190-1 Wicken Fen, restoration of a wetland NR, 11:37-46 Widdybank Fell, Upper Teesdale, rare plants, 23:394-397 Widdybank Pasture, Upper Teesdale, rare plants, 23:398-399 Wild Beasts Trust, 18:66 Wild Boar, 9:63, 12:296, 13:38-41, 13:221, 15:218 Wild Boar, reintroduction, 10:214 Wild Fig, 3:132-3 Wild flowers, grassland, seed, 18:162-6 Wild Mammals (Hunting with Dogs) Bill, 9:132 Wild Mammals (Protection) Bill, 3:188 Wild plants, wildlife planting schemes, 18:161-8 Wild-bird cover, 14:90 Wildcat, Scottish, 9:232-42, 16:217 Wilderness areas, 7:290-6 Wilderness, 37-43(S), 56-8(S) Wilderness, and policy, 59-62(S) Wildflower corridors, 21:293 Wildflower meadows, created by strewing green hay, 15:37-44 Wildflower meadows, creating, 18:166-7 Wildflower, declines, 22:144 Wildfowl, refuges, 7:312 Wildfowling, Westhay Heath, 16:292 Wildlife and arable farming – can they co-exist? 10:260-7 Wildlife and Countryside (Amendment) Act 1991, 2:384-5, 3:61 Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, 2:345-58 Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, Fourth Quinquennial Review, 14:221 Wildlife and Countryside Act, loopholes, 10:440 Wildlife and Countryside Act, review of, 8:267 Wildlife Bill, 8:64 Wildlife corridors, 5:1-7, 9:244 Wildlife Crime Unit, feral pumas, 18:146 Wildlife crime, 13:373, 21:65, 24:145 Wildlife crime, birds, Scotland, 16:218 Wildlife crime, hunting 16:141 Wildlife crime, review, 16:141-2 Wildlife Crime, Unit reprieve, 24:296 Wildlife crime, Wales, 16:142 Wildlife Gardening Forum/Manifesto, 18:373 Wildlife law, 14:65 Wildlife law, review of, 8:404 Wildlife road casualties, 5:214-21 Wildlife sites, protection of, 11:223 Wildlife Trusts, history and future of, 24:77-83 Wildlife, in cities, 16:290-1 Wildlife, trade, 8:69-80 Wildwood, 11(S), 17-20(S) Wilkinson, Sir William, 7:288-9 Wiltshire Fritillary meadows, 17:176-184 Wimpole Estate, Cambs, 17:324-330 Windfarm, Ben Aketil, Isle of Skye, 18:299 Windfarm, offshore, Kent, 18:223 Windfarms, 3:248, 8:60, 8:403, 13:295-6, 13:448, 14:298, 14:375-6, 15:144, 15:219, 15:372-3, 15:446-7, 16:293, 17:143, 17:297, 17:374, 20:143, 20:299-300, 20:371 Windfarms, and bats, 17:339-345, 19:68 Windfarms, and birds, 12:8-15, 15:292, 16:448, 18:448, 21:294 Windfarms, and cetaceans, 19:69 Windfarms, and eagles, 17:297 Windfarms, and peat, 20:66 Windfarms, Argyll, and eagles, 18:448 Windfarms, Germany, 16:293 Windfarms, Ireland, 12:375 Windfarms, Lewis, 16:293, 17:69, 17:451, 19:374 Windfarms, marine, and cetaceans, 16:295 Windfarms, offshore, 14:451-2, 18:68, 21:293 Windfarms, Romney Marsh, public inquiry, 16:145 Windfarms, Scotland, 14:68, 16:220-1, 16:370, 18:146, 19:143 Windfarms, SEAs, 16:67 Windfarms, Wales, 16:448 Winterbournes, on Hampshire Avon, 21:11-19 Wolf, proposed reserve, Sutherland, 16:218-9 Wolves, Scotland, 18:223 Wood pasture and heathland, Norfolk, 18:395-403 Wood pasture, in Scotland, 16:70 Wood pasture, restoration, 19:322 Wood pastures, and invertebrates, 11:108-17 Wood Small-reed, management of, 18:16-17 Wood-ants, 10:1-8 Wood-chip, and fungi, 18:98-105 Woodfuel Strategy for England, 18:298 Woodfuel, 19:143, 20:218, 22:294, 23:69 Woodfuel, in Dorset, 19:321-2 Woodland birds, declining, 20:399 Woodland creation (book review), 21:400 Woodland fungi, 4:205-15 Woodland management, Aspen and biodiversity, 13:321 Woodland management, retention of snags for fauna, 23:166-167 Woodland management, Ulpha Wood, Cumbria, 21:168-9 Woodland ride, management of, 7:110 Woodland SSSIs, assessing their condition, 11:305-11 Woodland, amenity, in Milton Keynes, 12:244-51 Woodland, ancient, 1:61-75, 10:241-51, 14:220, 23: 90-96 Woodland, ancient, and epiphytes, 5:83-93 Woodland, ancient, on Forestry Commission Estate, 15:328 Woodland, ancient, restoration, 14:16, 14:220, 15:68 Woodland, ancient, Wales, restoration, 16:445 Woodland, and stock, 11:122 Woodland, bird populations, 1:326-330 Woodland, broad-leaved, invertebrate conservation, 2:335-44 Woodland, certification scheme, 10:444 Woodland, coppiced, 5:86-7 Woodland, coppiced, and butterflies, 13:21-8 Woodland, creating new, 4:244, 11:48 Woodland, damage by grazing mammals, 5:205-13 Woodland, definitions, 23:91 Woodland, edge and rides habitats, 12:122 Woodland, future of, 23:448-449, 24:292 Woodland, grazing for Netted Carpet moth, 18:325-6 Woodland, lowland pasture, 6:78-88 Woodland, lowland, ecological impacts of deer, 21:242-54 Woodland, management for biodiversity, 7:26-37 Woodland, management leaflets, 21:21 Woodland, management, 2:335-44 Woodland, native, in Scotland, 12:446 Woodland, native, new, in Scotland, 16:445 Woodland, natural regeneration, 12:123 Woodland, new, 13:43 Woodland, pasture, 5:84-6 Woodland, restoration, 13:371 Woodland, riparian, 12:47 Woodland, sustainable management, 14:68, 20:448 Woodland, translocation, 11:299 Woodland, tree-planting, 23:218 Woodland, wild flower declines, 17:65-6 Woodlands, 14:293 Woodlands, ancient, and National Grid, 18:448 Woodlands, and bat conservation, 19:161-9 Woodlands, FC review of role of its estate, 21:67 Woodlands, planting and ecology, 18:250-8, 18:376-8 Woodlands, types of, 18:251 Woodlands, West Sussex, 23:83-84 Woodlark, conservation and access, 19:4-5 Woodlice, 14:381-7 Wood-meadows, 20:162-163 Woodpecker, Great Spotted, 23:313 Woods, and development of meadows, 20:161-170 Woodwalton Fen NNR, scrub removal, 14:390-1 Woodwalton Fen, 9:32-5 Woody debris, coarse, and invertebrates, 18:178-83 Woody debris, managing, 18:170 Woolmer Forest, 23:82-83 Woolmer Forest, 30 years of conservation work, 17:185-193 World Heritage Sites, 11:371 Worm, Slow, 4:27-8 Wren, 21:159 Wye NNR, Kent, 6:312-4 Wyre Forest NNR, Hereford & Worcester, 4:246-8 Yalden, Derek (obituary), 24:269-270 Yellow Fever, and wetlands, 16:336 Yellow-sedges, Carex flava aggregate, 12:345-51 Ynys-hir, Dyfed, 2:103-5 Yorkshire coalfields, wildlife and mining, 12:318-26 Zander, 11:2-8 Zapovedniks, scientific nature reserves in Russia, 15:85-90 Zebra Mussel, Ireland, 16:68-69 Zostera species, 6:351-5 |
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